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The essential argument is that Direct Recursion captures the first stage of each recursive structure. Acquisition evidence will then be provided from both naturalistic data and experimentation that adjectives, possessives, verbal compounds, and sentence complements all point to conjunction as the first stage. Then it will be argued that Indirect Recursion captures the Strong Minimalist Thesis, which allows periodic Transfer and interpretation. Why is recursion delayed and not immediate? It is argued that an interpretation of Generalized Transformations in the spirit of Tree Adjoining Grammar offers a route to explanation. A labeling algorithm combines with Generalized Transformations to provide different labels for recursive structures projection. Recursion is then achieved by substitution of a recursive node for a simple node. One simple case is to substitute a Maximal Projection for a simple non-branching lexical node. Amore complex case—essential to acquisition—is to substitute a category fora lexical string. Consequently, a computational ‘psychological reality’can be attributed to explain why recursion requires an extra step for the addition of each recursive construction on the acquisition path.  \nKeywords: direct recursion; generalized transformation; indirect recursion; interfaces; phases; strong minimalist thesis  \n1. Introduction  \nWhy would a child who can say wagon-puller not be able to understand wagon-  \nThanks to many partners in this research: William Snyder, Bart Hollebrandse, Jill de Villiers, Chloe Gu, Maxi Limbach, Kate Hobbs, Misato Hiraga, and Ed Matthei have explored five major constructions, via the study of naturalistic data and a variety of different experiments. Bart Hollebrandse has explored both the theoretical side and been central in experimental work. William Snyder was the original catalyst for much of this research. Conversations with Noam Chomsky, Tecumseh Fitch, Uli Sauerland, Rajesh Bhatt, and Robert Frank were also helpful, and especially written comments from Robert Berwick. Audiences at DGfS, CHLASC, Rio de Janeiro, Tromsø, Trondheim, Tokyo, Harvard, Essex, have been just the recent ones exposed to this evolving research—and I thank them all for helpful commentary. This work was supported by NSF grant to Margaret Speas, Thomas Roeper, Jill deVilliers, and Jay Garfield.  \nBiolinguistics 5.1–2: 057–086, 2011  \nISSN 1450–3417 [http://www.biolinguistics.eu](http://www.biolinguistics.eu)  \n58 T. Roeper  \npuller-maker? Why is language-specific recursion not immediate? Our goal is to articulate the acquisition challenge, review the relevant evidence, and imagine why there is an acquisition path for recursion. The evidence leads to a rather tight grammatical edifice, which, however, is full of theoretical and empirical weak points that deserve further research. Why such a strategy? It is really the strategy of linguistic theory in general. Weak points—like question-mark data— can be strengthened by other branches in a logical and empirical, hence persuasive, edifice once general properties are identified. If we follow the acquisition path of several kinds of recursion, their faint light can become a strong beam when seen together.  \nIn a similar vein, a number of formal alternatives1 become much sharper when we attach them to empirical phenomena, even if the data might seem open to many interpretations.2 The major task at hand, ultimately, is to build transparent interfaces between structure and interpretation and, as well, an interface between a theoretical account and the actual time course of acquisition. Yet, like the evolving notation of theoretical linguistics, these are proposals about how to build a notation that responds to both the facts of recursion ","cbCaimylLe1gWySp","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaimylLe1gWySp","pdf",1920192,"English","# Introduction\n## Distinguishing recursion types and the acquisition challenge\n## Evidence from naturalistic data and experiments","[{\"question\":\"文中如何区分三种递归类型？\",\"answer\":\"文中区分直接递归、间接递归以及广义变换，并认为直接递归对应递归结构的第一阶段。\"},{\"question\":\"为什么作者认为递归的出现是延迟而非立即？\",\"answer\":\"作者提出一种解释路线：将广义变换的解释与树邻接语法精神结合，并通过标记算法与递归节点替换机制，说明每一步构式增加需要额外环节。\"},{\"question\":\"直接递归的证据主要来自哪些语言现象？\",\"answer\":\"文中称形容词、所有格、动词复合与句子补语等都指向合取式读法作为第一阶段，并给出自然数据与实验证据支持。\"}]","The Acquisition of Recursion - How Formalism Articulates the Child’s Path | PDF",76]