[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-592301-105":59,"doc-detail-592301-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","the-2009-alliance-scholar-presentation-tobacco-the-common-enemy-and-a-gateway-drug-policy-implications","The 2009 Alliance Scholar Presentation - Tobacco, the Common Enemy and a Gateway Drug: Policy Implications","","Tobacco use is a major, preventable risk factor underlying the four leading U.S. causes of death—heart disease, cancer, stroke, and chronic respiratory disease—driving nearly 450,000 deaths each year while harming every part of society. Tobacco also functions as a gateway drug for substance abuse. Analyses of large student surveys show a dose-response pattern between cigarette use and alcohol or other drug use, with demographic factors predicting past-month smoking. The presentation recommends comprehensive ecological prevention through education, cessation, smoke-free policies, and increased tobacco taxes.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/the-2009-alliance-scholar-presentation-tobacco-the-common-enemy-and-a-gateway-drug-policy-implications/592301/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/the-2009-alliance-scholar-presentation-tobacco-the-common-enemy-and-a-gateway-drug-policy-implications/592301.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Grenda","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-07","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How is tobacco connected to the major causes of death in the United States?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Tobacco use is identified as a common risk factor for heart disease, cancer, stroke, and chronic respiratory disease, accounting for nearly 450,000 deaths per year and affecting the body broadly.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What does the survey evidence suggest about tobacco as a gateway drug?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Secondary analyses show a dose-response relationship: as cigarette use quantity increases, use of alcohol and other drugs also increases. Logit analysis further identifies demographic and other variables as significant predictors of past-month cigarette use.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What policy actions are recommended to combat tobacco use?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"A comprehensive ecological approach is recommended, including tobacco education and cessation, implementing and enforcing smoke-free policies, and increasing taxes on tobacco products.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},592301,1792633220,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":52,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},7971474921005,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","The 2009 Alliance Scholar Presentation  \nTobacco, the Common Enemy and a Gateway Drug:  \nPolicy Implications  \nMohammad R. Torabi, Mi Kyung Jun, Carole Nowicke, Barbara Seitz de Martinez, and Ruth Gassman  \nABSTRACT  \nFor the four leading causes of death in the United States (heart disease, cancer, stroke and chronic respiratory disease), tobacco use is a common risk factor. Tobacco use is responsible for almost 450,000 deaths per year and impacts the health of every member of our society. Tobacco is a gateway drug for substance abuse. That role is critical to revisit and revalidate. From 490 schools, a total of 175,460 students in grades 6-12 participated in an alcohol, tobacco and other drug use survey, the descriptive analyses of the data being stated in a 2007 technical report. The secondary analyses of the data clearly demonstrated that a dose-response relationship pattern of association existed between increasing quantity of cigarette use and the use of alcohol and other drugs. Additionally, logit analysis revealed that selected demographic and other variables were statistically significant predictors of the past month’s use of cigarettes. The secondary analyses were replicated for the 2008 survey, in which 152,732 students responded to the same questionnaire. Similar results were obtained. Smoking is a major risk factor to the leading causes of death and sufficient empirical evidence establishes that tobacco is a gateway drug. To combat tobacco use, a comprehensive ecological approach, including tobacco education and cessation, enacting and enforcing smoke-free policies, and increasing taxes on tobacco products, is recommended.  \nINTRODUCTION  \nMazzone andArroglio asked,“How many ways can we say that cigarette smoking is bad for you?”1(p1717) Tobacco use is responsible for almost 450,000 deaths per year in the U.S. and affects every cell, every organ, and every aspect of the human body.  \nTobacco use is directly involved in neoplasms in many parts of the body, including the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, pancreas, kidney, urinary bladder, cervix and lungs. It is also implicated in cataracts, periodontal disease, cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory disease, aortic aneurisms and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).2,3 While the top four leading causes of mortality in the U. S. are heart  \ndisease, cancer, stroke and chronic respiratory disease, the number one risk factor for all of those premature deaths is tobacco use. And, as public health enemy number one, tobacco use is the most preventable.  \nWhether it be through exposure to  \nMohammad R. Torabi is Chancellor’s professor and Chairperson in the Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405; E-mail: [torabi@indiana.edu. Mi](torabi@indiana.edu. Mi)[ ](torabi@indiana.edu. Mi)Kyung Jun is a research associate in the Indiana Prevention Resource Center, Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405. Carole Nowicke is a reference librarian in the Indiana Prevention Resource Center, Department of Applied Health  \nsecond-hand smoke, direct smoking or chewing,4 through environmental contamination, or increased cost of medical care and lost worker productivity, tobacco has literally impacted the health and wealth of every member of our society. Gro Harlem  \nScience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47404. Barbara Seitz de Martinez is the deputy director in the Indiana Prevention Resource Center, Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47404. Ruth Gassman is the executive director in theIndiana Prevention Resource Center, Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47404.  \n4 American Journal of Health Education—January/February 2010, Volume 41, No. 1  \n Mohammad R. Torabi, Mi Kyung Jun, Carole Nowicke, Barbara Seitz de Martinez, and Ruth Gassman   \nbrundtland, the former Director Gen","cbCaiaYALlMqIME9","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiaYALlMqIME9","pdf",198128,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Tobacco as a leading preventable risk factor\n## Health impacts and associated diseases\n## Economic and public health burden\n## Policy implications and recommended interventions","[{\"question\":\"How is tobacco connected to the major causes of death in the United States?\",\"answer\":\"Tobacco use is identified as a common risk factor for heart disease, cancer, stroke, and chronic respiratory disease, accounting for nearly 450,000 deaths per year and affecting the body broadly.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the survey evidence suggest about tobacco as a gateway drug?\",\"answer\":\"Secondary analyses show a dose-response relationship: as cigarette use quantity increases, use of alcohol and other drugs also increases. Logit analysis further identifies demographic and other variables as significant predictors of past-month cigarette use.\"},{\"question\":\"What policy actions are recommended to combat tobacco use?\",\"answer\":\"A comprehensive ecological approach is recommended, including tobacco education and cessation, implementing and enforcing smoke-free policies, and increasing taxes on tobacco products.\"}]","The 2009 Alliance Scholar Presentation - Tobacco, the Common Enemy and a Gateway Drug: Policy Implications | PDF",1792074269,25]