[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-357992-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-357992-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","textbook-outcome-after-esophagectomy-for-esophageal-cancer-current-evidence-and-future-perspectives-review","Textbook Outcome After Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer - Current Evidence and Future Perspectives - Review","","Esophagectomy is essential for resectable esophageal cancer, yet perioperative morbidity and mortality are higher and postoperative hospital stay is longer than in other gastrointestinal malignancies. Quality of the perioperative surgical course influences short- and long-term oncological outcomes across cancers. Textbook outcome (TO) and textbook oncological outcome (TOO) aggregate multiple perioperative elements to evaluate surgical quality. This review summarizes background, current evidence, and future perspectives of TO for resectable disease, including definitions introduced in 2017 and redefined in 2021.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/textbook-outcome-after-esophagectomy-for-esophageal-cancer-current-evidence-and-future-perspectives-review/357992/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/textbook-outcome-after-esophagectomy-for-esophageal-cancer-current-evidence-and-future-perspectives-review/357992.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"LangkahRina","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-23",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",11,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is textbook outcome (TO) in esophageal cancer surgery?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"TO is a composite measure integrating multiple perioperative elements into a single outcome. It is used to evaluate the quality of the surgical course rather than relying on single endpoints like morbidity or length of stay.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How were TO criteria defined for esophageal cancer in 2017 and updated in 2021?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"In 2017, TO for esophageal cancer included 10 short-term surgical outcomes. In 2021, TO was redefined to include nine revised short-term surgical parameters.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Why is it important to understand the characteristics of studies using TO before clinical implementation?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Different studies may use specific parameters and definitions that affect comparability. Understanding study characteristics and limitations is necessary before widespread adoption of TO in clinical practice.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},357992,1790201208,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,127],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":124,"slug":126},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":128,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":130},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":132},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":133,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":107,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090893776,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","doi: 10.21873/invivo.14414  \nReview  \nTextbook Outcome After Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives  \nTORU AOYAMA1,2*, TAIICI KAWABE1*, HARUHIKOCHO2 and TAKAKI YOSHIKAWA1  \n1 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan; 2 Department of Gastric Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan  \nAbstract  \nEsophagectomy isan essential treatment forresectable esophageal cancer. However, perioperative morbidity and mortality are higher and postoperative hospital stay is longer than other gastrointestinal malignancies. However, quality of perioperative surgical course affects both short-and long-term oncological outcomes in various malignancies. Recently, textbook outcome (TO)/textbook oncological outcome (TOO) are developed to evaluate quality of perioperative surgical course. TO/TOO included various perioperative elements and introduced in various malignancies. In esophageal cancer surgery, in 2017, TO for esophageal cancer (EC) defined and included 10 short-term surgical outcomes (curative resection, no intraoperative complications, R0 resection, number of harvest lymph node, no sever postoperative complication, noreintervention, noreadmission intensive care unit, noreadmission, no prolonged hospital stay, and no mortality). In 2021, TO for EC redefinition was made and included nine revised short-term surgical parameters. Previous studies demonstrated that achieved TO associated with better survival after esophagectomy for EC. To optimize esophagectomy for EC, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of each study before the widespread implementation of TO in clinical practice. This review summarizes the background, current status, and future perspectivesofTO forresectable EC.  \nKeywords: Esophageal cancer, esophagectomy, textbook outcome, perioperative outcomes, overall survival, review.  \nIntroduction  \nEsophageal cancer (EC) was the eighth most common cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2020 (1, 2). Although esophagectomy is an essential  \ntreatment forresectable EC, postoperative morbidity remains higher and postoperative hospital stay is longer than those for other gastrointestinal malignancies (3-5). Increasing evidence indicates that the quality of the perioperative surgical course affects both short-and long-term oncological outcomes across  \n*These Authors contributed equally to this study.  \n✉ Toru Aoyama, Department of Gastric Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome  \nHospital, Tokyo, Japan. Tel: +81 3338232101, e-mail: [t-aoyama@lilac.plala.or.jp](t-aoyama@lilac.plala.or.jp)  \nReceived May 20, 2026 | Revised June 17, 2026 | Accepted June 19, 2026  \nThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \n©2026 The Author(s) . Published by the International Institute of Anticancer Research.  \nvarious malignancies (6, 7). Traditionally, the quality of the perioperative surgical course has been assessed using single outcome measures such as morbidity, mortality, and length of hospital stay. However, these isolated clinical outcomes do not fully capture the entire surgical process because of low event ratesand limited statistical power.  \nRecently, the concept of textbook outcome (TO), which integrates multiple perioperative elements into a single composite measure, has been developed and introduced across various malignancies (8, 9). In 2010, Dijs-Elsinga et al. first defined TO as the absence of readmission, reoperation, adverse events, and prolonged hospital stay (10). Subsequently, in 2013, Kolfschoten et al. modified and formalized the TO concept in colorectal surgery using six parameters (11). In esophageal cancer surgery, the scientific committee of the Dutch Upper","cbCaivKrrzFXbdnG","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaivKrrzFXbdnG","pdf",504619,"English","# Introduction\n# Characteristics of Studies Reporting Textbook Outcomes and Survival After Esophagectomy\n# Future Perspectives of Textbook Outcome in Esophageal Cancer","[{\"question\":\"What is textbook outcome (TO) in esophageal cancer surgery?\",\"answer\":\"TO is a composite measure integrating multiple perioperative elements into a single outcome. It is used to evaluate the quality of the surgical course rather than relying on single endpoints like morbidity or length of stay.\"},{\"question\":\"How were TO criteria defined for esophageal cancer in 2017 and updated in 2021?\",\"answer\":\"In 2017, TO for esophageal cancer included 10 short-term surgical outcomes. In 2021, TO was redefined to include nine revised short-term surgical parameters.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is it important to understand the characteristics of studies using TO before clinical implementation?\",\"answer\":\"Different studies may use specific parameters and definitions that affect comparability. Understanding study characteristics and limitations is necessary before widespread adoption of TO in clinical practice.\"}]","Textbook Outcome After Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer - Current Evidence and Future Perspectives - Review | PDF",1790132451,18]