[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-649597-105":59,"doc-detail-649597-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","texas-use-of-precast-concrete-stay-in-place-forms-for-bridge-decks","Texas’ Use of Precast Concrete Stay-in-Place Forms for Bridge Decks","","In 1963, TxDOT developed a bridge deck method using precast, prestressed concrete panels spanning girders to support the cast-in-place top half. Initial adoption was slow until standardized details and specifications increased use, and by today about 85% of Texas bridges employ the system. The paper covers design, fabrication, construction, research, and the advantages and limitations, emphasizing faster deck construction, lower costs, and improved construction safety.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/texas-use-of-precast-concrete-stay-in-place-forms-for-bridge-decks/649597/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/texas-use-of-precast-concrete-stay-in-place-forms-for-bridge-decks/649597.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sarah ","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-25","2026-10-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":8},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the core construction concept of the Texas precast bridge deck system?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Precast, prestressed concrete panels span the girders and support the cast-in-place top half of the deck, using stay-in-place forms to reduce construction steps.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How did TxDOT increase adoption of precast stay-in-place panels over time?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Standard details and specifications were developed and later specification revisions allowed multiple forming options, while refined requirements unified panel use statewide.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What advantages does the system provide during construction?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"It improves speed by accelerating deck placement and reduces cost and construction time, while also enhancing jobsite safety through streamlined forming and reinforcing work.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},649597,1792897969,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":8,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":56,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},962085320529,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Merrill 2002 Concrete Bridge Conference  \nTEXAS’ USE OF PRECAST CONCRETE  \nSTAY-IN-PLACE FORMS FOR BRIDGE DECKS Brian D. Merrill, P.E. Texas Department of Transportation  \nABSTRACT  \nIn 1963, TxDOT developed a bridge deck construction method that allows approximately half of the deck to be precast. Precast, prestressed concrete panels span concrete or steel girders, supporting the weight of the cast-inplace top half of the deck. This method generated little interest until the early 1980’s; however, standard details and specifications have greatly increased its use, and today, approximately 85% of all bridges built in Texas use this forming method. The method speeds up bridge deck construction while lowering costs and improving safety during construction. This paper addresses the following aspects of the use of this method: design, fabrication, construction, research, advantages and limitations on its use.  \nKeywords: Bridge decks, Stay-in-place forms, Forming systems.  \nMerrill 2002 Concrete Bridge Conference  \nINTRODUCTION  \nBeginning in 1963, Texas developed a bridge deck construction method where about half of the deck could be precast. Precast, prestressed concrete panels (PCP’s) were designed to span girders, supporting the weight of the cast-in-place (CIP) top half of the deck. However, early attempts to cantilever the panels across the outside beam to support the overhang generated too many construction problems, and the concept was abandoned. Use of PCP’s between girders on prestressed concrete girder bridges gained popularity slowly. During this time, bridge decks were paid for by the cubic yard of concrete, and reinforcing steel was a separate pay item.  \nIn 1983, a revision to TxDOT’s specifications changed the bid item for reinforced concrete slabs from cubic yards to square feet of bridge deck area with the specification allowing either removable forms, stay-in-place metal deck forms, or precast prestressed concrete panels at the contractor’s option. Standard details developed by TxDOT’s Bridge Division unified the requirements for PCP use across the entire state. The use of panels escalated.  \nPCP’s used as stay-in-place forms for bridge decks have become the main forming system for most girder-type bridges built in Texas. TxDOT developed the standard details and specifications for PCP use and refined them in response to construction difficulties, research, and changes in materials. The system is so popular among Texas contractors that a small“cottage” industry has developed solely for the purpose of fabricating these panels. Bridge decks have been built using PCP’s in virtually every area of the state, including areas where high concentrations of deicing chemicals are applied to bridge decks.  \nHOW THE SYSTEM WORKS  \nIn Texas, the bridge deck thickness for most girder-type bridges is 8 inches. Design details and specifications typically show reinforcing details for a full-depth CIP slab and then give options for forming systems: conventional plywood forming, PCP, or stay-in-place metal forms with full-depth CIP concrete. The contractor can choose any of these forming methods although in certain cases one or more of these options may be restricted (refer to“Limitations” section below) . PCP standard details indicate all of the necessary adjustments to the reinforcing details required for the use of the system.  \nPCP’s used as stay-in-place forms are fabricated 4 inches thick, leaving 4 inches of CIP concrete with a single layer of reinforcing steel. The precast panels are normally prestressed at one of several fabrication plants although some contractors have elected to cast their own panels. The panels are placed on bedding strips set on top of the girder flanges. Girder elevations must be carefully checked prior to and after placing panels to ensure that the minimum deck thickness and reinforcing steel cover are maintained and that the panel support requirements are met (see Fig 1) . In the overhangs, the deck ","cbCaigs6Wy5HrC4s","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigs6Wy5HrC4s","pdf",913788,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# How the System Works\n# Advantages of the System\n## Speed","[{\"question\":\"What is the core construction concept of the Texas precast bridge deck system?\",\"answer\":\"Precast, prestressed concrete panels span the girders and support the cast-in-place top half of the deck, using stay-in-place forms to reduce construction steps.\"},{\"question\":\"How did TxDOT increase adoption of precast stay-in-place panels over time?\",\"answer\":\"Standard details and specifications were developed and later specification revisions allowed multiple forming options, while refined requirements unified panel use statewide.\"},{\"question\":\"What advantages does the system provide during construction?\",\"answer\":\"It improves speed by accelerating deck placement and reduces cost and construction time, while also enhancing jobsite safety through streamlined forming and reinforcing work.\"}]","Texas’ Use of Precast Concrete Stay-in-Place Forms for Bridge Decks | PDF",1792802688,48]