[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-419516-105":59,"doc-detail-419516-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","texas-test-for-would-be-teachers-wins-early-round-against-challengers","TEXAS TEST FOR WOULD-BE TEACHERS WINS EARLY ROUND AGAINST CHALLENGERS","","A federal appeals court overturns a preliminary order blocking the Texas Education Agency from requiring prospective teachers to pass the Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST) before entering training. The court cites evidence that PPST is a valid basic-skills measure, while noting large pass-rate gaps among white, Hispanic, and Black applicants. The case addresses standards for proving discrimination under constitutional equal protection and Title VI, including disparate impact, intent, and whether trial evidence should be considered before pausing the requirement.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/texas-test-for-would-be-teachers-wins-early-round-against-challengers/419516/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/texas-test-for-would-be-teachers-wins-early-round-against-challengers/419516.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aria Callaghan","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-21","2026-09-28",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":81},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What did the federal appeals court decide in the Texas PPST case?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It overturned a preliminary order that barred the Texas Education Agency from requiring the PPST for students entering teacher training.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why did challengers argue the PPST requirement was unlawful?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"They argued the test was biased, creating disparate impact against Blacks and Hispanics and hindering compliance with a 1971 school desegregation order.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What legal standards were debated regarding discrimination and test validity?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The court discussed whether proof requires showing intentional discrimination under equal protection versus disparate impact under Title VI, and whether test validity should be evaluated against the demands of the training program.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},419516,1791655952,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":81,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962084926284,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Vo1。14,No。147  \nThursday,July 31,1986  \n# TEXAS TEST FOR WOULD-BE TEACHERS WINS EARLY ROUND AGAINST CHALLENGERS\n\nA federal appeals court has overturned a preliminary order that had barred theTexas Education Agency from requiring college students to pass a skills testbefore they begin training to become teachers:a test blacks and Hispanicscharge is 1llegally biased.  \n“A state is not obligated to educate or certify teachers who cannot pass a fairand valid test of basic skills necessary for professional training,and the re-cord contains considerable evidence tending to show that the [Pre-ProfessionalSkills Test,or]PPST is a valid measurement of such skills,\"said a unanimousthree-judge panel of the 5th U.S.Circuit Court of Appeals earlier this month.  \nIn a year of use starting in 1984,73 percent of white students passed the teston one or more attempts,but just 34 percent of Hispanics and 23 percent ofblacks passed.Disqualified college students challenged the test on that ba-sis,and younger puplls charged the requirement hinders faculty integration inviolation of a 1971 school desegregation order.  \nSecond-Guessing JusticeSaying the students were apt to win their case ina trial,U.S.District Judge Wi1liam Wayne Justice last year granted a prelimi-nary injunction to let students advance to education courses even if they fallthe test,provided they meet other requirements,including satisfactory grades.The U.S.Justice Department,which secured the 1971 desegregation order,cameto Texas's side on the appeal.  \nOverturning the preliminary injunction,the 5th Circuit told the students'law-yers to prove that the test,developed by the Educational Testing Service,isinvalid.Arizona,Kansas,Tennessee and Delaware use the same test to screenwould-be teachers,either before enrollment in college education courses or be-fore teacher certification,according to the panel's opinion.  \nThe students have asked the 5th Circuit to reconsider,according to AlbertKauffman,staff attorney with the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educa-tional Fund.If the court refuses,the students probably will go to trialrather than petitioning the U.S.Supreme Court on the preliminary order.  \nThe preliminary injunction remains in effect until the 5th Circuit decides torehear the case.  \nThe 5th Circuit has dubbed the case U.S.v.League of United Latin AmericanCitizens(LULAC)(85-2579),although it technically comes under Justice's 1971(more)  \n      July 31,1986  \n# TEXAS TEST FOR WOULD-BE TEACHERS WINS EARLY ROUND(Cont.)\n\nIn asking for a rehearing,the students argued that the 5th Circuit paneljudged their charges on the wrong standard,Kauffman said.The panei said thestudents must show that the state intended to discriminate to prove a violationof the U.S.Constitution's equal protection clause.  \n\"If,indeed,the State intentionally took action [to deny students an inte-grated faculty],and the action was shown to be likely to reduce substant1allythe number of qualified teachers,a violation of the 1971 order might befound,\"said the panel.\"The Constitution forbids only purposeful discrimina-tion.\"  \nKauffman,however,contends the students need only to prove the test has a dis-parate impact on minorities and therefore violates Title VI of the 1964 CivilRights Act,which prohibits federally funded programs from discriminating onthe basis of race,color or national origin.Kauffman said the 5th Circuitagreed to that Title VI standard last January.  \nHowever,the 5th Circuit also noted that the test,taken by about 20,000 stu-dents,was used only from March 1984 to the summer of 1985,and that the minor-ity pass rate was increasing.The panel said that Judge Justice was right inallowing evidence of discriminatory intent but that he should not have put thePPST requirement on hold without determining whether the test served itsclaimed nonbiased aim.  \nKauffman also challenged the 5th Circuit'g standard of what makes a trainingprogram test valid.Said the panel,\"AB the Supreme Court stated in Washi","cbCaii1yEZi9NjnQ","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaii1yEZi9NjnQ","pdf",1828920,"English","# Texas Test Overturned in Early Round\n## Court’s Reasoning on Test Validity\n## Discrimination Standards and Legal Arguments\n## Future Proceedings and Rehearing","[{\"question\":\"What did the federal appeals court decide in the Texas PPST case?\",\"answer\":\"It overturned a preliminary order that barred the Texas Education Agency from requiring the PPST for students entering teacher training.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did challengers argue the PPST requirement was unlawful?\",\"answer\":\"They argued the test was biased, creating disparate impact against Blacks and Hispanics and hindering compliance with a 1971 school desegregation order.\"},{\"question\":\"What legal standards were debated regarding discrimination and test validity?\",\"answer\":\"The court discussed whether proof requires showing intentional discrimination under equal protection versus disparate impact under Title VI, and whether test validity should be evaluated against the demands of the training program.\"}]","TEXAS TEST FOR WOULD-BE TEACHERS WINS EARLY ROUND AGAINST CHALLENGERS | PDF",1790617365,18]