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Depending on cancer context, tetraspanins may function as tumor promoters or suppressors, with mechanisms discussed and emphasis on biomarkers and therapeutic targets, challenges, and future research 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biological processes do tetraspanins regulate in cancer?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Tetraspanins regulate cell migration, invasion, adhesion, growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis, influencing multiple steps of tumor progression.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How do tetraspanins differ in their roles across digestive-system cancers?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Depending on cancer type and context, tetraspanins can act as either tumor promoters or suppressors.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Why are tetraspanins important as biomarkers and therapeutic targets?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"The review emphasizes their value in serving as biomarkers and targets, linking their molecular mechanisms to cancer progression and 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potential (Review)  \n1* 1* 2 1 3  \nKeXin cHen , QiuHonG li , YanGYi li , donGHui JianG , liGanG cHen , Jun JianG4 , SHenGBiao li 1,5 and cHunXianG ZHanG5  \n1School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical university, luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.r. china; 2department of Medical  \n3  \nimaging, Southwest Medical university, luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.r. china; Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical university, luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.r. china; 4department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China; 5department of cardiology, institute of Cardiovascular Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China  \nreceived July 1, 2024; accepted august 6, 2024  \ndoi: 10. 3892/mmr.2024.13324  \nAbstract. The tetraspanin family of membrane proteins is essential for controlling different biological processes such as cell migration, penetration, adhesion, growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis. The present review summarized the current knowledge regarding the expression and roles of tetraspanins in different types of cancer of the digestive system, including gastric, liver, colorectal, pancreatic, esophageal and oral cancer. depending on the type and context of cancer, tetraspanins can act as either tumor promoters or suppres‑ sors. in the present review, the importance of tetraspanins in serving as biomarkers and targets for different types of digestive system‑related cancer was emphasized. additionally, the molec‑ ular mechanisms underlying the involvement of tetraspanins in cancer progression and metastasis were explored. Furthermore, the current challenges are addressed and future research direc‑ tions for advancing investigations related to tetraspanins in the context of digestive system malignancies are proposed.  \nContents  \n1. introduction  \n2. Tetraspanins and gastric cancer (Gc)  \n3. Tetraspanins and liver cancer  \n4. Tetraspanins and pancreatic cancer (Pc)  \n5. Tetraspanins and colorectal cancer (crc)  \n6. Tetraspanins and other types of digestive system‑related cancer  \n7. Therapeutic potential, challenges and perspectives  \n8. conclusions  \n1. Introduction  \nTetraspanins, also termed TSPans or the transmembrane 4 super‑family proteins, are members of a protein family widely conserved across different species . These proteins are ubiquitously distributed within various organisms (1) .  \nCorrespondence to: Professor chunxiang Zhang, department of cardiology, institute of cardiovascular research, The affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical university, 25 Taiping Street, luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P. r. china  \ne‑mail: [zhangchx2021@163.com](zhangchx2021@163.com)  \ndr Shengbiao li, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical university, 1 Section 1, Xianglin road, longmatan, luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.r. china  \ne‑mail: li‑[shengbiao@swmu.edu.cn](shengbiao@swmu.edu.cn)[ ](shengbiao@swmu.edu.cn)*contributed equally  \nAbbreviations: 5‑Fu, 5‑Fluorouracil; alcaM, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule; BMdcs, B cells and dendritic cells; car‑T, chimeric antigen receptor T cells; cddP, cisplatin; cdK4, cyclin‑dependent kinase 4; cic , cancer‑initiating cells; dcs, dendritic cells; dFS, disease‑free survival; ec2, one large extracellular loop; eMT, epithelial‑mesenchymal transition; epcaM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule; eScc ,  \nesophageal squamous cell carcinoma; eVs, extracellular vesicles; FaK, focal adhesion kinase; FaM83a , family with sequence similarity 83 member a; Gc , gastric cancer; GiST, gastrointestinal stromal tumor; HBV, hepatitis B virus; Hcc , hepatocellular carcinoma; HiST1H2BK, H2B clustered histone 12; JnK, c‑Jun n‑terminal kinase; mab, monoclonal antibodies; MHc , major histocompatibility complex; mir , micro","cbCaipDYmq3e7BKa","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipDYmq3e7BKa","pdf",3742061,22,"English","# Introduction\n# Tetraspanins and gastric cancer (GC)\n# Tetraspanins and liver cancer\n# Tetraspanins and pancreatic cancer (PC)\n# Tetraspanins and colorectal cancer (CRC)\n# Tetraspanins and other types of digestive system-related cancer\n# Therapeutic potential, challenges and perspectives\n# Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"What biological processes do tetraspanins regulate in cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Tetraspanins regulate cell migration, invasion, adhesion, growth, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis, influencing multiple steps of tumor progression.\"},{\"question\":\"How do tetraspanins differ in their roles across digestive-system cancers?\",\"answer\":\"Depending on cancer type and context, tetraspanins can act as either tumor promoters or suppressors.\"},{\"question\":\"Why are tetraspanins important as biomarkers and therapeutic targets?\",\"answer\":\"The review emphasizes their value in serving as biomarkers and targets, linking their molecular mechanisms to cancer progression and metastasis.\"}]","Tetraspanins in Digestive-System Cancers - Expression, Function and Therapeutic Potential - Review | PDF",1789992602,55]