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The campaign resisted a national standardized assessment, the Meitzav. Using media coverage analysis and the Advocacy Coalition Framework, the study shows that parents formed a coalition with the Teachers’ Union to claim a role in centralized education policymaking. The coalition helped delay tests and prompted the Ministry of Education to create a committee to revisit national assessment policy, strengthening understanding of opt-out dynamics across institutional settings.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/testing-opt-out-movements-resistance-disputes-and-transformation-special-issue/602120/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/testing-opt-out-movements-resistance-disputes-and-transformation-special-issue/602120.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"acoobca","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":24},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What opt-out movement is analyzed in the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study analyzes an opt-out movement in Israel led by parent associations at both local and national levels. It challenged the use of the national standardized test, the Meitzav.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which theoretical approach informs the analysis?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The paper uses the theoretical arguments of the Advocacy Coalition Framework to interpret how actors coordinated their efforts. It connects these arguments to how the movement developed through alliances.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What was the outcome of the parents’ coalition?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The coalition with the Teachers’ Union was successful in influencing the Ministry of Education to postpone the tests. It also led the ministry to form a special committee to reevaluate the national assessment policy.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},602120,1792190680,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":24,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},3985747870733,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Special Issue  \nTesting Opt-Out Movements: Resistance, Disputes and  \nTransformation  \neducation policy analysis archives  \nA peer-reviewed, independent, open access, multilingual journal  \nArizona State University  \n\n| Volume 30 Number 135 | September 6 , 2022 | ISSN 1068-2341 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n\nParents’ Resistance to Standardized Testing in a Highly Centralized System: The Emergence of an Opt-out  \nMovement in Israel  \nNoy Sabag  \nUniversity of Washington  \nUnited States  \n&  \nYariv Feniger  \nBen-Gurion University of the Negev  \nIsrael  \nCitation: Sabag, N., & Feniger, Y. (2022) . Parents’ resistance to standardized testing in a highly centralized system: The emergence of an opt-out movement in Israel. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 30(135). [https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.30.6328](https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.30.6328) This article is part of the special issue, Testing Opt-Out Movements: Resistance, Disputes and Transformation, guest edited by Javier CamposMartínez, Alejandra Falabella, Jessica Holloway, and Diego Santori.  \nAbstract: This paper discusses the emergence of an opt-out movement in Israel led by parent associations at local and national levels. The protest targeted the use of a national standardized test, the Meitzav. Analyzing media coverage of this movement and informed by the theoretical arguments of the Advocacy Coalition Framework, the study suggests that by forming a coalition with the Teachers ’ Union, parents proclaimed their right to a role in education policymaking in a highly centralized system. The coalition was successful in that it influenced the Ministry of Education to postpone the tests and form a special  \ncommittee to reevaluate the national assessment policy. The Israeli case enhances our understanding of opt-out movements in different educational and institutional contexts. Keywords: test-based accountability; standardized tests; parents; opt-out movement; Israel  \nResistencia de los padres a las pruebas estandarizadas en un sistema altamente centralizado: El surgimiento de un movimiento de opt-out en Israel  \nResumen: Este artículo analiza el surgimiento de un movimiento de opt-out en Israel liderado por asociaciones de padres a nivel local y nacional. La protesta tenía como objetivo el uso de una prueba nacional estandarizada, el Meitzav. Analizando la cobertura mediática de este movimiento e informado por los argumentos teóricos del Marco de la Coalición de Defensa, el estudio sugiere que, al formar una coalición con el Sindicato de Maestros, los padres proclamaron su derecho a participar en la formulación de políticaseducativas en un sistema altamente centralizado. La coalición tuvo éxito en que influyó en el Ministerio de Educación para posponer las pruebas y formar una comisión especial parareevaluar la política de evaluación nacional. El caso israelí mejora nuestra comprensión delos movimientos de opt-out en diferentes contextos educativos e institucionales.  \nPalabras clave: rendición de cuentas basada en pruebas; pruebas estandarizadas; país; movimiento de opt-out; Israel  \nResistência dos pais a testes padronizados em um sistema altamente centralizado: O surgimento de um movimento de opt-out em Israel  \nResumo: Este artigo discute o surgimento de um movimento de opt-out em Israel liderado por associações de pais em níveis local e nacional. O protesto visava o uso de um teste nacional padronizado, o Meitzav. Analisando a cobertura da mídia desse movimento e informado pelos argumentos teóricos do Advocacy Coalition Framework, o estudo sugere que, ao formar uma coalizão com o Sindicato dos Professores, os pais proclamaram seu direito a um papel na formulação de políticas educacionais em um sistema altamente centralizado. A coalizão teve sucesso na medida em que influenciou o Ministério da Educação a adiar as provas e formar uma comissão especial para reavaliar a política nacional de avaliação. O caso israelense aumenta nossa compreensão dos movimentos de opt-out em diferentes","cbCaieMmnG2zIR94","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaieMmnG2zIR94","pdf",417306,18,"English","# Introduction and context\n# Parents’ opt-out campaign and targets\n# Analytical framework and media coverage\n# Coalition formation with the Teachers’ Union\n# Policy impact and Ministry response\n# Implications for opt-out movements","[{\"question\":\"What opt-out movement is analyzed in the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study analyzes an opt-out movement in Israel led by parent associations at both local and national levels. It challenged the use of the national standardized test, the Meitzav.\"},{\"question\":\"Which theoretical approach informs the analysis?\",\"answer\":\"The paper uses the theoretical arguments of the Advocacy Coalition Framework to interpret how actors coordinated their efforts. It connects these arguments to how the movement developed through alliances.\"},{\"question\":\"What was the outcome of the parents’ coalition?\",\"answer\":\"The coalition with the Teachers’ Union was successful in influencing the Ministry of Education to postpone the tests. It also led the ministry to form a special committee to reevaluate the national assessment policy.\"}]","Testing Opt-Out Movements: Resistance, Disputes and Transformation - Special Issue | PDF",1792094065,45]