[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-160390-en":3,"doc-seo-160390-105":31,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":28,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":29,"read_time":30},160390,8796095462418,"Noah","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/80000253c1241d02b47?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778826106357471780",4,"Exam","TESTING FOR TOTAL INACCESSIBILITY IN EXAMINATIONS UNDER THE ADA - A CASE STUDY OF LOGIC GAMES - Dworkin","The study analyzes accessibility requirements under the Americans with Disabilities Act for examinations such as the LSAT, with detailed attention to the “logic games” section. It argues that current accommodations and court approaches do not adequately address total inaccessibility for blind test takers, focusing on how logic games depend on spatial reasoning and diagramming visual information. The note synthesizes prior standards and spatial-reasoning research, then proposes remedies, including a prima facie framework for courts to address total inaccessibility.","TESTING FOR TOTAL INACCESSIBILITY IN EXAMINATIONS UNDER THE ADA: A CASE STUDY OF LOGIC GAMES  \nHAL DWORKIN∗  \nIn 2011, Angelo Binno filed suit against the American Bar Association, alleging that the so-called “logic games” portion of the LSAT was discriminatory against blind test takers under Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Binno specifically argued that because the logic games require spatial reasoning and diagramming visual information, it is much more difficult for blind individuals to succeed on a test that has become a de facto requirement for admission to accredited law schools.  \nThis Note first examines the requirements under the Americans with Disabilities Act for the administrators of tests like the LSAT. It discusses the various sections of the LSAT in detail, examining the logic games in light of recent studies of spatial reasoning in blind individuals. It then explores current court treatment of inaccessibility in testing, arguing that available accommodations are inadequate in aiding blind test takers on the LSAT’s logic games. This Note finally explores potential remedies and ultimately recommends a prima facie framework for courts to address issues of total inaccessibility.  \nTABLE OF CONTENTS  \nI. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 1964  \nII. BACKGROUND ................................................................................ 1968  \nA. The ADA .................................................................................. 1968  \n1. The Passage of the ADA................................................... 1969  \n2. The Department of Justice and Section 36.309’s “Best Ensure” Standard .............................................................. 1970  \n3. Enyart v. National Conference of Bar Examiners, Inc. 1970  \nB. The LSAT ................................................................................ 1972  \n1. Logical Reasoning ............................................................. 1973  \n2. Reading Comprehension................................................... 1973  \n∗ J.D. 2014, University of Illinois College of Law. B.A. 2011, Journalism and Political Science, Pennsylvania State University. I would like to thank Judge Nicolas Pomaro for giving me the chance to work at the Chicago Lighthouse and brining Angelo Binno’s case to my attention. I would also like to thank Mark Dworkin, Laurie Dworkin, Matthew Dworkin, and Sarah Peaceman for their support and encouragement as I wrote this. I also would like to thank the editors, members, and staff of the University of Illinois Law Review, especially Angela Gilbert and Dave Pattee for all their hard work on this piece.  \n1964 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW [Vol. 2014  \n3. Analytical Reasoning (Logic Games).............................. 1974  \na. Sequencing Games..................................................... 1975  \nb. Grouping Games........................................................ 1975  \nc. Matching Games ........................................................ 1976  \n4. Accommodations offered by the LSAC .......................... 1976  \nC. Spatial Reasoning.................................................................... 1977  \n1. Route Strategies.................................................................. 1978  \n2. Mapping Strategies ............................................................ 1978  \nIII. ANALYSIS ........................................................................................ 1980  \nA. The Current Application of Accessibility Is Based on Physical Administration and External Accommodations .... 1980  \nB. Testing the Logic Games for Total Inaccessibility................ 1982  \n1. Spatial Reasoning and the Logic Games ......................... 1982  \n2. Why the Logic Games Are Inaccessible .......................... 1983  \na. Preliminary Questions .............................................. 1983  \nb. The Purpose of ","cbCaircGetVY6dTB","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaircGetVY6dTB","pdf",255400,3,1,36,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# Background\n## The ADA\n## The LSAT\n## Spatial Reasoning\n# Analysis\n## Current Application of Accessibility\n## Testing for Total Inaccessibility\n## Changing How Logic Games Are Given\n# Recommendation\n## Prima Facie Framework\n## Prima Facie Test Based on Regulations\n## Administration Without Waiting for Court Order\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What issue does the case study focus on under the ADA?\",\"answer\":\"The note focuses on total inaccessibility in examinations, particularly the LSAT’s “logic games,” and whether they discriminate against blind test takers by requiring spatial reasoning and visual diagramming.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the note evaluate the adequacy of existing accommodations?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that available accommodations and current accessibility practices are inadequate for blind test takers on the logic games, because they do not fully overcome the section’s reliance on visual/spatial components.\"},{\"question\":\"What kind of remedy framework does the note recommend for courts?\",\"answer\":\"The note recommends a prima facie framework addressing total inaccessibility, including guidance on what, when, and where courts should apply standards rather than requiring delay pending a court order.\"}]","TESTING FOR TOTAL INACCESSIBILITY IN EXAMINATIONS UNDER THE ADA - 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