[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-238666-105":59,"doc-detail-238666-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","tephra-june-1997-storms-from-the-tropics","Tephra - June 1997 - Storms from the Tropics","","Tephra June 1997 issue examines storms as a major hazard for New Zealand, linking tropical cyclones and Southern Ocean systems to severe summer emergencies. The foreword highlights damage, economic and psychological consequences, and the disruption to travel and coastal regions. It emphasizes mitigation through timely MetService forecasting and communication, collaboration with NIWA for complex storm-surge estimation, and inter-agency studies that strengthen preparedness, response, and recovery.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/tephra-june-1997-storms-from-the-tropics/238666/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/tephra-june-1997-storms-from-the-tropics/238666.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sophia Brooks","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-31","2026-09-11",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"Why does this Tephra issue focus on storms?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"It highlights storms as a common hazard in New Zealand that gained special attention during a recent summer with three storms of tropical origin within three months.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does MetService contribute to storm preparedness and response?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"Storm mitigation depends on the quality and timeliness of MetService advice and on effective communication relationships with the Ministry of Civil Defence and other emergency-management partners.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What role does NIWA play in understanding storms?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"NIWA’s involvement supports estimation of complex phenomena such as storm surge, relying on close partnership with MetService and inter-agency scientific work.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},238666,1789138754,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":140,"language":141,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":142,"faqs":143,"seo_title":144,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":130,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962084925636,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Foreword  \n- Hon Jack Elder  \n- Paul Officer  \nAnatomy of a Storm  \nStorms from the Tropics  \nHeavy Rainstorms and Snowstorms  \nWind Storms  \nHow does MetService Forecast and Communicate Weather Information?  \nFuture Directions for Storm Forecasting  \nFurther Reading  \nForeword-Hon Jack Elder  \nCivil Defence was very much in the glare of media scrutiny over the summer, with a run of events demanding the mobilisation of Civil Defence staff. It also provided me with a hectic introduction to the job of Minister of Civil Defence, which I took up last December. Along with most other New Zealanders, I was surprised by the appearance here of two tropical cyclones in rapid succession over the Christmas period, and a third cyclone in March. While Fergus and Drena washed out the holiday plans of many people, the country was very lucky that the damage was not more extensive. Cyclone Gavin also caused disruption to normal activities as well as outdoor and travel pursuits, especially in coastal regions. The cyclones also put the work of the Ministry of Civil Defence in the public limelight, and gave me a chance to see the staff in action.  \nI travelled to Thames after waves breached the sea wall, flooding low-lying residential areas. The work being done by the Civil Defence volunteers was most impressive, and they can be extremely proud of their achievements. The collapse of the Opuha Dam, which had the potential to cause a significant loss of life, again demonstrated the skill and commitment of Civil Defence staff. I cannot stress enough the importance of the volunteer spirit in New Zealand, and these dedicated people that make up our emergency services are the backbone of the community. It is the job of the Government to ensure staff have the organisational structure and resources to enable them to carry out their mission, and for this purpose there is currently an extensive review of the entire field of emergency services being carried out which will considerably improve the ability to prepare, respond and recover from large scale emergencies particularly in large urban areas. Although no decisions have yet been made, I expect that there will be movement towards a transition period in the next few months. Again, I want to express my admiration for the people who work on behalf of the community, and I look forward to doing what I can to help their task.  \nHon Jack Elder  \nMinister of Civil Defence  \nForeword-Paul Officer  \nIn October 1995 we devoted an issue of Tephra to volcanic hazards. Previously these hazards had been underrated, but more recently given prominence by the Ruapehu eruptions. This present issue focuses on storms, a more common hazard in New Zealand but one which gained special attention this past summer, with three storms of tropical origin reaching us within three months.  \nNew Zealand is affected by two different sets of storms those drifting south in the summer months in the shape of transformed tropical cyclones such as Fergus and Drena, and those generated in the expanses ofthe Southern Ocean and sweeping around the \"roaring forties\". The latter can occur at any time and caused the summer emergencies of 1993 94 which affected Kaikoura, Southland and South Canterbury over a period of several months.  \nThe damage from storms can be great. Cyclone Bola damage in 1988, one estimate suggests, was in excess of $200 million. The recent storms Fergus, Drena and Gavin caused nowhere near those losses, but on the holiday industry of Northland and Coromandel the impact was, nevertheless, severe. This reminds us that the financial or economic impact of emergencies is only part of their effect. The failure of expectation, whether of a family holiday or of business volume, has psychological consequences which may in some cases prove highly disruptive of personal relationships at a considerable distance from the physical events, and for a significant time after them.  \nMitigation, preparedness, response and recovery from storms d","cbCaifwFAgtAXsnM","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifwFAgtAXsnM","pdf",731921,57,"English","# Foreword\n## Hon Jack Elder\n## Anatomy of a Storm\n## How MetService Forecasts and Communicates Weather Information?\n## Future Directions for Storm Forecasting\n## Further Reading\n## Foreword - Paul Officer","[{\"question\":\"Why does this Tephra issue focus on storms?\",\"answer\":\"It highlights storms as a common hazard in New Zealand that gained special attention during a recent summer with three storms of tropical origin within three months.\"},{\"question\":\"How does MetService contribute to storm preparedness and response?\",\"answer\":\"Storm mitigation depends on the quality and timeliness of MetService advice and on effective communication relationships with the Ministry of Civil Defence and other emergency-management partners.\"},{\"question\":\"What role does NIWA play in understanding storms?\",\"answer\":\"NIWA’s involvement supports estimation of complex phenomena such as storm surge, relying on close partnership with MetService and inter-agency scientific work.\"}]","Tephra - June 1997 - Storms from the Tropics | PDF",144]