[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-46496-en":3,"doc-seo-46496-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},46496,1099513958607,"Jiven","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002390cf8733938c?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778829742770036399",8,"Research & Report","Temperature Effects on Growth, Feeding Rate and Feed Conversion of the Pacific White Shrimp","Temperature effects on growth, feeding rate, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) were quantified across four laboratory experiments. Shrimps were reared at constant temperatures (23, 27, 30°C) and an ambient control (mean 26.2°C), including different shrimp size classes. Growth and feeding rate increased with temperature, but responses were size-specific. Small shrimps showed similar FCR across temperatures, whereas medium and large shrimps varied; FCR primarily depended on size and larger shrimp converted feed less efficiently, indicating strong sensitivity to small temperature changes and size-specific temperature optima.","# Temperature effects on growth,feeding rate andfeed conversion of the Pacific white shrimp(Penaeus vannamei)\n\nJames Wyban a*,William A.Walsh b,David M.Godin  \n\"High Health Aquaculture Inc.P.O.Box 1095 Kurtistown HI 96760USA\"The Oceanic Institute,Makapuu Point Waimanalo HI 96795,USA  \nAccepted 28 January 1995  \nAbstract  \nEffects of temperature on growth,feeding rate and feed conversion ratio(FCR)of juvenile Pacificwhite shrimp,Penaeus vannamei(Boone),were quantified in a series of four experiments.In eachof experiments 1 to 3,a single size class of shrimp was reared at three constant temperatures(23,27,30℃)and at an ambient temperature control(mean 26.2℃).In the three experiments,mean shrimpstocking sizes were 3.9,10.8 and 16.0 g,respectively.Shrimp growth and feeding rate increaseddirectly with temperature in each experiment,but the increases varied among the three size classes sothat thermal effects on growth and feeding were size-specific.FCR of small shrimp was not differentamong the three test temperatures while FCR of medium-and large-sized shrimp varied with temper-ature.Differences in growth response among size classes was the basis for a fourth experiment,inwhich two size classes were grown at three temperatures.Growth and feeding rate were again directlyrelated to temperature and varied inversely with size.FCR was primarily related to size;larger shrimpgrew less efficiently.Large temperature coefficients,particularly between 23 and 27℃,demonstratethat P.vannamei growth is extremely sensitive to small changes in temperature.These data alsoindicate that temperature optima(temperature of fastest growth)is size-specific and decreases asshrimp size increases.For small shrimp(\u003C5g),temperature optima may be greater than 30℃ whilefor large shrimp,the temperature optimum is about 27℃.These findings appear consistent with thedistribution of P.vannamei during its natural life history.For P.vannamei farmers,these data indicatethat for all sizes reduced growth and feeding can be expected when pond temperature is below 23℃and for large shrimp when pond temperature is 30℃ or greater.  \nKeywords:Penaeus rannmei;Growth —crustaceans;Temperature  \n## 1.Introduction\n\nThe Pacific white shrimp,Penaeus vannamei,is distributed along the eastern Pacificcoast from northern Mexico to northern Peru between the 20℃isotherms(Holthuis,1980).It supports substantial commercial fisheries throughout its range and is the most importantaquaculture species in the region.More than 90%of the 132000 MT of shrimp farmed inthe western hemisphere in 1993 were P.vannamei(Rosenberry,1994).It is also theprincipal farmed shrimp in the U.S.where 3000 MT were produced in South Carolina,Texas and Hawaii in 1993(Rosenberry,1994).Despite its economic importance,littlequantitative information is available regarding temperature effects on growth of this species.  \nThis paper describes laboratory experiments designed to quantify thermal effects ongrowth,feeding rate and feed conversion of juvenile P.vannamei.Shrimp were reared atthree constant temperatures in a laboratory under simulated pond conditions using differentsize classes in each experiment.A fourth experiment using temperature-size class combi-nations was conducted to verify the earlier results.The results present a quantitative analysisof the individual and combined effects of size and temperature on growth,feeding rate andfeed conversion.The findings are discussed in relation to the natural history and aquacultureof this species.  \n## 2.Methods\n\nExperimental system  \nExperiments were conducted in anindoor laboratory at The Oceanic Institute,Waimanalo,Hawaii which has been used for shrimp growth experiments for several years(Leber andPruder,1989;Moss et al.,1992).Details of the laboratory design were described by Leberand Pruder(1989).For this study,the laboratory was equipped with 24 cylindrical tanks(75 cm diameter and 55 cm deep),each containing 801 of water.Previous experimentshave shown that these tanks w","cbCaijShkTvNZQN8","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaijShkTvNZQN8","pdf",854586,2,1,13,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n# Methods","[{\"question\":\"How were shrimp and temperature conditions set up in the experiments?\",\"answer\":\"Juvenile P. vannamei were reared at constant temperatures (23, 27, 30°C) with an ambient control (mean 26.2°C). Experiments used different shrimp size classes, and a fourth experiment combined temperature and size-class combinations to verify earlier results.\"},{\"question\":\"What relationship was observed between temperature and shrimp growth and feeding rate?\",\"answer\":\"Shrimp growth and feeding rate increased directly with temperature in each experiment. The magnitude of the increases differed among size classes, making thermal effects on growth and feeding size-specific.\"},{\"question\":\"How did temperature affect feed conversion ratio (FCR), and what role did shrimp size play?\",\"answer\":\"FCR for small shrimp did not differ across test temperatures, while FCR for medium and large shrimp varied with temperature. Overall, FCR was primarily related to size, with larger shrimp growing less efficiently.\"}]",1783544822,33,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"temperature-effects-on-growth-feeding-rate-and-feed-conversion-of-the-pacific-white-shrimp","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,47,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/temperature-effects-on-growth-feeding-rate-and-feed-conversion-of-the-pacific-white-shrimp/46496/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-14","2026-07-08",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"How were shrimp and temperature conditions set up in the experiments?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"Juvenile P. vannamei were reared at constant temperatures (23, 27, 30°C) with an ambient control (mean 26.2°C). Experiments used different shrimp size classes, and a fourth experiment combined temperature and size-class combinations to verify earlier results.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What relationship was observed between temperature and shrimp growth and feeding rate?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"Shrimp growth and feeding rate increased directly with temperature in each experiment. The magnitude of the increases differed among size classes, making thermal effects on growth and feeding size-specific.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"How did temperature affect feed conversion ratio (FCR), and what role did shrimp size play?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"FCR for small shrimp did not differ across test temperatures, while FCR for medium and large shrimp varied with temperature. Overall, FCR was primarily related to size, with larger shrimp growing less efficiently.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]