[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-112798-en":3,"doc-seo-112798-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},112798,1374391974468,"Eden","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0",8,"Research & Report","Technology Transfer and Innovation for Low-Carbon Development","Technology Transfer and Innovation for Low-Carbon Development examines how low-carbon technologies spread and evolve through international channels. It analyzes the legal and institutional basis for technology transfer under the UNFCCC, and evaluates key determinants such as technological innovation and absorptive capacity. The report also explores trade, foreign direct investment, and movement of people as conduits, and uses patent data to measure cross-border transfer while identifying innovation drivers.","Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized Pub lic Disclosure Authorized  \nTechnology Transfer and Innovation for Low-Carbon Development  \nMiria A. Pigato, Simon J. Black, Damien Dussaux, Zhimin Mao, Miles McKenna, Ryan Rafaty, and Simon Touboul  \nINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS  \nTechnology Transfer and Innovation for Low-Carbon Development  \nMIRIA A. PIGATO, SIMON J. BLACK, DAMIEN DUSSAUX, ZHIMIN MAO, MILES MCKENNA, RYAN RAFATY, AND SIMON TOUBOUL  \n© 2020 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433  \nTelephone: 202-473-1000; [Internet: www.worldbank.org](Internet: www.worldbank.org)[ ](Internet: www.worldbank.org)Some rights reserved  \n1 2 3 4 23 22 21 20  \nBooks in this series are published to communicate the results of Bank research, analysis, and operational experience with the least possible delay. The extent of language editing varies from book to book.  \nThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.  \nNothing herein shall constitute or be considered tobe a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.  \nRights and Permissions  \nThis work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) [http://](http://)[ ](http://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license), you are free to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions:  \nAttribution—Please cite the work as follows: Pigato, MiriaA., Simon J. Black, Damien Dussaux, Zhimin Mao, Miles McKenna, Ryan Rafaty, and Simon Touboul. 2020. Technology Transfer and Innovation for Low-Carbon Development. International Development in Focus. Washington, DC: World Bank.  \ndoi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1500-3. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO  \nTranslations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bankshall not be liable for any content or error in this translation.  \nAdaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank.  \nThird-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-partyowned individual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtain permission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images.  \nAll queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, T","cbCaicMMmjS1R0ZO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicMMmjS1R0ZO","pdf",5132298,1,231,"English","en",105,"# Foreword\n# Executive Summary\n# Chapter 1 A Framework for Low-Carbon Technology Transfer\n## Introduction\n## Avenues and determinants of LCT transfer\n# Chapter 2 Trade and Foreign Direct Investment as Channels of Low-Carbon Technology Transfer\n## Channels for technology transfer\n## Trade and FDI as channels of LCT transfer\n# Chapter 3 Using Patents to Measure the International Transfer of Low-Carbon Technologies\n## Measuring LCT with patent data\n## Drivers of LCT innovation and transfer\n# Chapter 4 The Rise of Emerging Economies as Leaders in Low-Carbon Innovation\n## The emergence of a global electric vehicle market","[{\"question\":\"What framework does the report use for low-carbon technology transfer?\",\"answer\":\"It presents a framework that links technological innovation and diffusion to low-carbon technologies, including their distinctive features and the legal basis for transfer under the UNFCCC.\"},{\"question\":\"Which international channels does the report analyze for low-carbon technology transfer?\",\"answer\":\"It examines trade, foreign direct investment, and movement of people, and discusses absorptive capacity as a determinant of how transfer occurs.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the report measure international transfer of low-carbon technologies?\",\"answer\":\"It uses patent data to measure low-carbon technology transfer, explains data sources and accounting methodology, and identifies drivers of innovation and transfer.\"}]",1784497271,582,{"code":4,"msg":30,"data":31},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":32,"title":13,"keywords":33,"description":14,"schema_data":34,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":27},"technology-transfer-and-innovation-for-low-carbon-development","",{"@graph":35,"@context":84},[36,53,67],{"@type":37,"itemListElement":38},"BreadcrumbList",[39,43,47,50],{"item":40,"name":41,"@type":42,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":44,"name":45,"@type":42,"position":46},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":42,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":42,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology-transfer-and-innovation-for-low-carbon-development/112798/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":40,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-19",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"What framework does the report use for low-carbon technology transfer?","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"It presents a framework that links technological innovation and diffusion to low-carbon technologies, including their distinctive features and the legal basis for transfer under the UNFCCC.","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"Which international channels does the report analyze for low-carbon technology transfer?",{"text":79,"@type":75},"It examines trade, foreign direct investment, and movement of people, and discusses absorptive capacity as a determinant of how transfer occurs.",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"How does the report measure international transfer of low-carbon technologies?",{"text":83,"@type":75},"It uses patent data to measure low-carbon technology transfer, explains data sources and accounting methodology, and identifies drivers of innovation and transfer.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":86,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":88,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":91},[92,96,100,104,109,114,119,122,127,130,134],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":105,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]