[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-648146-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":80,"doc-detail-648146-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":73,"head_meta":75,"extra_data":77,"updated_unix":79},105,"en","teaching-engineering-drawing-in-a-technology-changing-environment-paper","Teaching Engineering Drawing in a Technology Changing Environment - Paper","","Engineering drawing is a foundational technology in mechanical engineering and a long-standing university subject, evolving from subjective sketches to a formal engineer-to-engineer language. The shift from paper-based 2D drafting to 3D volume modelling enabled by CAD, alongside parallel changes in teaching technologies, has altered how learners succeed. Over the last eight years, the Institute of Mechanical Engineering introduced new teaching methods, and this paper analyzes their consequences for students’ learning outcomes.",{"@graph":14,"@context":72},[15,34,55],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/teaching-engineering-drawing-in-a-technology-changing-environment-paper/648146/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/teaching-engineering-drawing-in-a-technology-changing-environment-paper/648146.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"404brain","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-27","2026-10-23",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":30},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",{"@type":56,"mainEntity":57},"FAQPage",[58,64,68],{"name":59,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":61},"How has engineering drawing evolved from traditional methods to modern CAD-based approaches?","Question",{"text":62,"@type":63},"Engineering drawing progressed from paper-based 2D representation to formalized engineering communication and then to 3D volume modelling using CAD. In this approach, 2D drawings become one view of the complete 3D model.","Answer",{"name":65,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":66},"Why does engineering drawing still remain important even with 3D CAD models?",{"text":67,"@type":63},"Engineering drawing remains important as a legal document and part of the contract between supplier and customer. It also supports quick 2D sketching during discussions to communicate ideas.",{"name":69,"@type":60,"acceptedAnswer":70},"What educational technology changes are discussed for engineering drawing teaching?",{"text":71,"@type":63},"Teaching technologies evolved from early machine-supported learning and educational films to computer-based learning systems and widespread e-learning. More recently, smartphones and tablets are shifting learning from PCs to mobile applications, influencing engineering drawing instruction.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":74,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":76,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":78,"site_id":7},648146,1793077669,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"success",[83,87,91,95,100,105,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":84,"show_sort_weight":85,"slug":86},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":88,"show_sort_weight":89,"slug":90},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":92,"show_sort_weight":93,"slug":94},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":96,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":101,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":96,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":131},{"doc_id":78,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":30,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":101,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":144},1099529839291,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING AND PRODUCT DESIGN EDUCATION  \n3 & 4 SEPTEMBER 2015, LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY, DESIGN SCHOOL, LOUGHBOROUGH, UK  \nTEACHING ENGINEERING DRAWING IN A TECHNOLOGY CHANGING ENVIRONMENT  \nJoachim LANGENBACH, Martina WÄCHTER , Armin LOHRENGEL and Norbert MÜLLER  \nClausthal University of Technology  \nABSTRACT  \nEngineering drawing is one of the oldest technologies used in mechanical engineering and therefore also one of the oldest subjects of engineering study courses. Since the last century, engineering drawing has moved on from a subjective way of drawing to a very formalized common language among engineers. In addition, the drawing technology has changed from paper based 2D drawing to 3D volume modelling with help of computer aided drawing (CAD) systems. The 2D drawing is now only one point of view onto the product describing information. Parallel to the drawing technologies, also the teaching technologies have developed over the last decades. Especially during the last decade, the Institute of Mechanical Engineering introduced different teaching methods into it’s engineering drawing course. This paper analyses the consequences of those changes for the learning success of the students over the last 8 years.  \nKeywords: Engineering drawing, e-learning, CAD, videos, multimedia.  \n1 INTRODUCTION  \nEngineering drawing is one of the oldest technologies used in mechanical engineering and therefore also one of the oldest taught subjects at universities in mechanical engineering. During the last 30 years the drawing education has rapidly evolved. Trends started with 2D CAD over 3D CAD to manufacturing without drawings must be integrated into the lectures. Additionally, also the learning environment is changing from first e-learning modules on to smartphone and video based learning.  \n2 EVOLUTION OF ENGINEERING DRAWING AND THE USED  \nTECHNOLOGY  \n2.1 Changes in engineering drawing and used technology  \nThe basic methods of engineering drawing were discovered at the ancient world and evolved slowly until the end of the mid ages. Then, the reintroduction of the central projection in 1420 as well as A. Dürer's textbook, describing the usage of the plan and elevation method in 1525, pushed the engineering drawing forwards. At the beginning of the 19th century, patent drawings continuously gained in importance. Starting with the standardization activities in the early 20th century, engineering drawing developed further and became a formalised engineer’s language, understandable worldwide (compare [1] and [2]) . Beginning in the 1960s computer programs were introduced to support the engineer creating 2D drawings and started the era of computer aided design (CAD) . At first they only support 2D drawings and therefore replaced the drawing on paper, without introducing a new basic drawing technology. In contrast the new 3D CAD Systems, introduced in the 1980s, changed the complete engineering drawing process completely. From then on, not the 2D representation of the product was focused, but a complete 3D volume model. The 2D engineering drawing is only one view on that model. All needed information should be stored within the 3D model. Nevertheless, the engineering drawing remains important as a legal document and part of the contract between the supplier and the customer. Also the fast creation of 2D sketches during discussions, in order to communicate ideas or as part of the thinking process is common usage of basic engineering drawing skills.  \nEPDE2015/123  \n2.2 Changing educational technologies  \nFollowing [3] the history of machine supported learning started at the end of the 19th century with the spelling machine from H. Skinner in 1866. The machine displays a picture and the user should enter the correct word, shown on the picture. Later on, at the first decade of the 20th century, educational films extended the media supported learning methods [4]. At that time, H. Aiken patented an improved spelling ma","cbCaiksarHk4WX3z","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiksarHk4WX3z","pdf",196860,"English","# 1 INTRODUCTION\n# 2 EVOLUTION OF ENGINEERING DRAWING AND THE USED TECHNOLOGY\n## 2.1 Changes in engineering drawing and used technology\n## 2.2 Changing educational technologies\n# 3 THE ENGINEERING DRAWING COURSE","[{\"question\":\"How has engineering drawing evolved from traditional methods to modern CAD-based approaches?\",\"answer\":\"Engineering drawing progressed from paper-based 2D representation to formalized engineering communication and then to 3D volume modelling using CAD. In this approach, 2D drawings become one view of the complete 3D model.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does engineering drawing still remain important even with 3D CAD models?\",\"answer\":\"Engineering drawing remains important as a legal document and part of the contract between supplier and customer. It also supports quick 2D sketching during discussions to communicate ideas.\"},{\"question\":\"What educational technology changes are discussed for engineering drawing teaching?\",\"answer\":\"Teaching technologies evolved from early machine-supported learning and educational films to computer-based learning systems and widespread e-learning. More recently, smartphones and tablets are shifting learning from PCs to mobile applications, influencing engineering drawing instruction.\"}]","Teaching Engineering Drawing in a Technology Changing Environment - Paper | PDF",1792792456,15]