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The research builds on an etymological investigation, integrates two connected approaches—classics and the self as method—and then critically reviews its own methodology. 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It then integrates two mutually connected approaches—the classics and the self as method—to present a comprehensive analysis. Finally, it critically reviews the methodology used in this study.  \nFindings: The interdependency of xue and jiao has an etymological foundation, supported by canonical doctrines and verified by individualized experiences. The interpretation of xue as xiao (to imitate) describes the origin and process of education in which the junior imitated and followed the elder, while the extended interpretation of xue as jue (to awaken) stresses the effects and functions of education. In the classical Chinese context, greater significance was placed on xue—the keyword concurrently connoting the meaning of teaching and learning in the modern sense. It is misleading to narrowly render the originally meaningful word group xuexi as learning in modern English.  \nCorresponding author:  \nLin Li, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Putuo District, Shanghai 200062, China.  \nEmail: lli@dedu.ecnu.edu.cn  \nCreative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative  \nCommons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page ([https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage](https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage)).  \nOriginality/Value: This study consults sources in multiple languages and integrates both the classicsand the selfas method. Based on this, the etymological investigation, canonical analysis, and experiential reflection are collated to provide a rich and deep discussion. By focusing on the core characteristics and the concepts they imply, this study also touches on the key characteristics of the hieroglyphic system and the unique way of thinking it represents.  \nKeywords  \nClassics as method, Confucian tradition, teaching as learning, the self as method Date received: 20 December 2022; revised: 12 March 2023; accepted: 8 May 2023  \nJohn Dewey (1859–1952) wrote in his influential work, How We Think, first published in 1910:  \nTeaching and learning are correlative or corresponding processes, as much so as selling and buying. One might as well say he has sold when no one has bought, as to say that he has taught when no one has learned. And in the educational transaction, the initiative lies with the learner even more than in commerce it lies with the buyer. (Dewey, 1910, p. 29)  \nIn this context, Dewey addresses teaching and learning as “correlative or corresponding processes,” which is an understandable analogy. However, later philosophers of education challenged and further developed this equation of “selling-buying”(Buckley, 2021; Noddings, 1995) . In retrospect, we find questions and relevant debates hidden in this equation—Who is the seller? How do they perform thei","cbCaipATbvkOqNh2","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipATbvkOqNh2","pdf",1571973,"English","# Abstract\n## Purpose\n## Design/Approach/Methods\n## Findings\n## Originality/Value\n# Introduction and Conceptual Framing\n## Re-examining the jiao–xue relationship\n## Dewey and later debates on teaching/learning as correlative processes\n# Methodology and Analytical Approach\n## Classics as method\n## The self as method\n## Textual interpretation, educational practice, and reflection\n# Key Argument and Interpretation\n## Etymological meanings of xue as xiao (imitate) and jue (awaken)\n## Misinterpretation risks in rendering xuexi as learning","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study re-examines the relationship between jiao (teaching) and xue (learning) to enlighten contemporary understandings of education and educational research.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the study approach its research design and methods?\",\"answer\":\"It begins with an etymological investigation, then integrates classics as method and the self as method, and concludes by critically reviewing the methodology used.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the findings suggest about xue and jiao?\",\"answer\":\"The study argues that xue and jiao are interdependent, with interpretations supported by canonical doctrines and verified through individualized experiences, including meanings of xue as both imitation and awakening.\"}]","Teaching as Learning - Etymological Investigation, Canonical Analysis, and Experiential Reflection in the Chinese Cultural Context | PDF",1792092844]