[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-122950-en":3,"doc-seo-122950-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},122950,4398048950312,"Violet","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/400002538284de19e3c?_k=1778320343897328908",8,"Research & Report","Teaching Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to Everyone Else","Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are critical for modern organizations, yet AI/ML literacy remains limited across workforces. The paper argues that universities should provide introductory AI/ML courses for undergraduate business students, extending the rationale to most majors. It explains why non-technical students need foundational AI/ML understanding, then proposes a three-course introductory sequence and a brief course design aimed at helping students apply AI/ML to business strategies and decisions.","Proceedings of the 57th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences | 2024  \nTeaching Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to Everyone Else  \nJames Locke  \nAuburn University at Montgomery [jlocke@aum.edu](jlocke@aum.edu)  \nKelly Rainer Auburn University [rainerk@auburn.edu](rainerk@auburn.edu)  \nAbstract  \nArtificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have become essential technologies in modern organizations, but there currently is a lack of AI/ML literacy across workforces. To help alleviate this problem, universities should offer courses providing a basic understanding of AI and ML. To date, mainly (or only) Computer Science departments offer such courses. In this paper, we discuss the importance of offering introductory courses on AI/ML to undergraduate business students. We focus on business students to keep the paper length manageable but note that the paper applies to most university majors. We first offer a rationale for these courses and follow with a brief course design for a three-course introductory sequence in AI andML.  \nKeywords: Artificial intelligence, machine learning, teaching.  \n1. Rationale for Learning about AI and ML  \nModern organizations must successfully operate in real time or near real time, data-intensive, global environments. To do so, they are increasingly employing artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) systems that enable them to quickly capture, store, and analyze vast amounts of data to make informed decisions. We emphasize to our students that they will have their first jobs and probably entire careers with companies operating in such environments.  \nAI/ML systems are significantly changing the way that businesses, customers, and industries operate by displacing or replacing established business processes, products, services, and operations. These technologies  \nare creating new markets, modifying existing ones, and leading to the obsolescence of old technologies, products, and services.  \nUdacity ([www.udacity.com](www.udacity.com)), the for-profit educational organization offering massive open online courses, states that the \\#1 in-demand technical skill for 2023 is AI and Machine Learning. It is interesting that Udacity noted that AI and ML are technical skills. We contend that a basic understanding of AI and ML is not only for technical professionals, such as computer scientists. Rather, such an understanding is essential for all students because AI/ML applications apply to such a large number of disciplines. For example, Martins et al. [2] proposed teaching machine learning to middle-and high-school students! Clearly, AI/ML literacy will be extremely useful to university students.  \nIt is noteworthy that leading influencers in the field regard machine learning as not being an engineering discipline. Professor Michael Jordan [3], a computer scientist who researches Artificial Intelligence at Berkeley, observed that as humans built bridges and buildings before those practices developed engineering standards, early efforts often collapsed. We are in a similar stage on development in AI progression as it is replete with various combinations of inference-and-decision-making systems that do not meet the types of standards found in engineering fields. With the unprecedented growth of AI/ML technologies, it is imperative that business schools, as well as other schools in universities, train those who will ultimately decide when, where, and how these new systems will be deployed. It will be the managersand leaders of organizations who confront and decide the difficult issues of bias, appropriate use, context, privacy, and the myriad of ethical challenges that will grow as AI/ML increasingly permeate products and services. It will be managers who need to be trained to consider both organizational decision making and ethical choices in a decision timeframe that is  \n.  \nURI: [https://hdl.handle.net/10125/107197](https://hdl.handle.net/10125/107197)[ ](https://","cbCaigduu2LxjBfF","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaigduu2LxjBfF","pdf",282481,1,7,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# Rationale for Learning about AI and ML\n## Why AI/ML literacy matters for organizations and students\n## Why business and non-technical students need AI/ML foundations\n# Course Design for an Introductory Sequence\n## Three-course introductory sequence overview","[{\"question\":\"Why does the paper emphasize AI/ML courses for undergraduate business students?\",\"answer\":\"It argues that AI/ML affects real-time, data-intensive, global business environments, and business users increasingly play key roles in developing and using AI/ML applications. Introductory courses help non-technical students build the literacy needed for these responsibilities.\"},{\"question\":\"What problem does the paper identify regarding current AI/ML literacy?\",\"answer\":\"The paper states that many organizations and their existing workforces lack basic AI/ML literacy, which hinders development and implementation of AI/ML applications. Only a small share of employees currently has a grasp of these technologies.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the proposed course sequence aim to enable students to do?\",\"answer\":\"The three-course introductory sequence is designed to help students identify opportunities to develop, implement, and integrate AI/ML solutions into business strategies and decision-making processes. It also targets understanding competitive advantages enabled by AI/ML and how to shape them for organizational needs.\"}]","Teaching Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to Everyone Else | PDF",1785813833,18,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"teaching-artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning-to-everyone-else","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,54,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":53},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/teaching-artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning-to-everyone-else/122950/",4,{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":55,"author":56,"headline":13,"publisher":58,"fileFormat":61,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":62,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":61,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":57},"Person",{"url":41,"name":59,"@type":60},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-08-04",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"Why does the paper emphasize AI/ML courses for undergraduate business students?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"It argues that AI/ML affects real-time, data-intensive, global business environments, and business users increasingly play key roles in developing and using AI/ML applications. Introductory courses help non-technical students build the literacy needed for these responsibilities.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"What problem does the paper identify regarding current AI/ML literacy?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"The paper states that many organizations and their existing workforces lack basic AI/ML literacy, which hinders development and implementation of AI/ML applications. Only a small share of employees currently has a grasp of these technologies.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What does the proposed course sequence aim to enable students to do?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The three-course introductory sequence is designed to help students identify opportunities to develop, implement, and integrate AI/ML solutions into business strategies and decision-making processes. 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