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The sample included 500 teachers (300 elementary, 200 secondary) selected randomly, and data were collected using a 55-item opinionnaire on a five-point Likert scale. Reliability measured with Cronbach’s alpha was 0.939. Results show dominant use of summative assessment, alongside the belief that formative and summative approaches better promote students’ learning and support holistic development through alternative methods such as peer and portfolio assessment.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/teachers-perceptions-about-the-use-of-classroom-assessment-techniques-in-elementary-and-secondary-schools/595801/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/teachers-perceptions-about-the-use-of-classroom-assessment-techniques-in-elementary-and-secondary-schools/595801.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Fans","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-08","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",7,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the main purpose of the study?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"To investigate teachers’ perceptions about using formative, summative, and diagnostic classroom assessment techniques (including observations, questioning, quizzes, surprise/terminal tests, portfolio, peer, and self-assessment) at elementary or secondary level.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How was the data collected and how reliable was the instrument?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Data were collected through an opinionnaire containing 55 items using a five-point Likert scale. Internal consistency of the instrument was verified using Cronbach Alpha, which was 0.939.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Which assessment type do teachers mainly use, and what do they believe about formative assessment?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Most public and private school teachers use summative assessment. They believe that formative and summative assessment can play a more pivotal role in promoting students’ learning in the classroom.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},595801,1792165405,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},8,30,"research-report",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":117,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":120,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":121},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":123,"slug":125},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":111,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":144,"read_time":108,"preview_page_count":4},5909892330395,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","Teachers’ Perceptions about the Use of Classroom Assessment Techniques in Elementary and Secondary Schools  \nMuhammad Saeed *, HafsaTahir** and Iqra Latif**  \nAbstract  \nAssessment plays central role in process of effective instruction. A number of assessment techniques are associated with the quality of instruction and evaluating its learning outcomes. This study was designed to analyze the perceptions of teachers about using classroom assessment techniques at elementary and secondary schools in district Lahore. The sample comprised of 500 teachers (300 elementary & 200 secondary) selected randomly. The data were collected through an opinionnaire which contained 55 items, each at five point Likert type scale, ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5) . The Cronbach Alpha value of internal consistency of the instrument was measured at .939. The results revealed that most of the public and private schoolteachers use summative assessment. They believe that formative and summative assessment can play more pivotal role in promoting students’ learning in the classroom. Teachers may also use other alternative assessment techniques such as peer assessment and portfolio assessment. Implementing these assessment techniques will result in more effective and holistic development of elementary and secondary grade students both in public and private schools.  \nKeywords: Classroom assessment techniques, Teachers’ perceptions, Formative assessment  \n* Associate Professor & Chairman, Department of Educational Research and Evaluation, Institute of  \nEducation and Research, University of the Punjab, [Lahore. email:](Lahore. email:) [drsaeed1961@hotmail.com](drsaeed1961@hotmail.com)  \n** M.Phil. Scholars, Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore  \n[Emails: hafsaa.capricorn@gmail.com](Emails: hafsaa.capricorn@gmail.com), [iqrakhanlhr786@gmail.com](iqrakhanlhr786@gmail.com)  \nIntroduction  \nAssessment is a major part of educational institutions which provides comprehensive information about the overall learning development of the teacher and students’performance in educational settings. It is the responsibility of teachers to use different classroom assessment techniques for assessing students’ performance or focus on quality assessment. Literature provides adequate information that teacher needs to focus on selfdevelopment and for this he/she should have ample knowledge and skills in classroom assessment. Dhindsa, Omar, and Waldrip (2007) found that students are developing authentic and a realistic approach which is being related to their real learning that is done instead of measuring luck. Present research results show that teachers use different classroom assessment techniques in their classroom without knowing its purpose. The main reason is that teacher is not fully aware of the purpose of different classroom assessment techniques for students’ learning (Stiggins & Conklin, 1992) . Pellegrino and Goldman (2008) recommended the way that learning of students can be improved by the classroom assessment. Few researches are conducted on teachers’ perception about their assessment practices and assessment skills. The purpose of current study is to investigate teachers’ perceptions about the use of formative, summative and diagnostic assessment techniques such as observations, oral questioning, quiz, surprise tests, terminal tests, portfolio assessment, peer assessment and self-assessment at elementary or secondary school level.  \nAssessment considers as the major part in effective teaching learning process. All assessment practices are commonly used to develop different types of hypotheses which are related to educational assessment. In previous researches, it is used to train their graduates in teaching learning process and conduct professional training programs or courses to polish their skills such as conducting training sessions by the teachers to promote divergent thinking abilities among their stud","cbCaib2NCi8IzaSg","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaib2NCi8IzaSg","pdf",154357,16,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Purpose and assessment practices\n## Objectives of assessment in education\n# Formative assessment and related approaches\n## Assessment for learning\n## Monitoring and diagnostic assessment\n## Key differences and research framing","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"To investigate teachers’ perceptions about using formative, summative, and diagnostic classroom assessment techniques (including observations, questioning, quizzes, surprise/terminal tests, portfolio, peer, and self-assessment) at elementary or secondary level.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the data collected and how reliable was the instrument?\",\"answer\":\"Data were collected through an opinionnaire containing 55 items using a five-point Likert scale. Internal consistency of the instrument was verified using Cronbach Alpha, which was 0.939.\"},{\"question\":\"Which assessment type do teachers mainly use, and what do they believe about formative assessment?\",\"answer\":\"Most public and private school teachers use summative assessment. They believe that formative and summative assessment can play a more pivotal role in promoting students’ learning in the classroom.\"}]","Teachers’ Perceptions about the Use of Classroom Assessment Techniques in Elementary and Secondary Schools | PDF",1792081892]