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Twenty teachers participated through maximum variation sampling. Repertory grid technique produced 200 valid cognitive constructs, which were analyzed with descriptive analysis and then classified by functionality and similarity. Frequently cited constructs include increased motivation, confidence and self-confidence, job satisfaction, tolerance, participative management, recognition of employees, organizational commitment, and ideals such as human rights and freedom of ideas.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/teachers-cognitive-constructs-on-democratic-education-in-schools-a-case-study/602571/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/teachers-cognitive-constructs-on-democratic-education-in-schools-a-case-study/602571.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"pixelkiddo","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the purpose of the study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study aims to determine teachers’ cognitive constructs on democratic education in schools.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was data collected and analyzed?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Data were collected using the repertory grid technique with 20 teachers, then analyzed through descriptive analysis and classified by functionality and similarity.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What cognitive constructs were mentioned most frequently?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The most frequently mentioned constructs were increased motivation, confidence/self-confidence, increased job satisfaction, tolerance, participative management, recognition that employees feel precious, organizational commitment, new opinions, human rights, and freedom of ideas/impressions.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},602571,1792188644,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090883892,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e00115db34f3e0f11b?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1790152879550218658","Teachers’ Cognitive Constructs on Democratic Education in Schools: A Case Study1  \nŞenol Sezeri  \nOrdu University, Ordu  \nErtuğ Canii  \nKırklareli University, Kırklareli  \nAbstract  \nThe purpose of this study is to determine the cognitive constructs of teachers on democratic education in schools. For this purpose, the study was modelled as a case study. The study group was 20 teachers and determined by using maximum variation sampling method. Repertory grid technique was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis technique. The participants produced 200 valid cognitive constructs related to the democratic education in school. The most frequently mentioned cognitive constructs were respectively: (1) motivation increases, (2) confidence/self-confidence,(3) job satisfaction increases, (4) tolerance, (5) participative management, (6) employees feel precious, (7) organisational commitment, (8) new opinions, (9) human rights, and (10) freedom of ideas/impressions. The cognitive constructs were classified considering functionality and the similarity of them. As a result of classification, 14 main groups were determined according to the 200 valid cognitive constructs. Democratic participation should be encouraged by the school administrators. Besides, school society should display democratic attitudes for democratic education. In addition, the school administrators should appreciate students, teachers and parents in terms of success of school they manage.  \nKeywords: democratic education, cognitive construct, teacher, repertory grid.  \nDOI: 10.29329/epasr.2018.137.6  \n1 This study is an extended form of the paper presented at the 9th International Congress of Educational Research held in Ordu in Ordu University on May 11–14, 2017.  \ni Şenol Sezer is a faculty member at Ordu University, Education Faculty, Educational Sciences Department, Turkey.  \nCorrespondence: [senolsezer.28@gmail.com](senolsezer.28@gmail.com)  \niiErtuğ Can is a faculty member at Kırklareli University, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Educational Sciences Department, Turkey.  \nIntroduction  \nDemocracy, is a form of governance and mode of coexistence, participation in public decision making process, distributing resources, resolving conflicts, and planning for the future. In other words, democracy is a political system and a way of life that is based on active participation of individual in the decision-making process and the implementation of responsible actions for the well-being of the individual and the community. Therefore, each individual must have some specific knowledge, skills, and values that will allow him/her to take part in to the best of his/her ability. Consequently, democratic education can be expressed as the process that includes the principles such as to educate society by means of the human rights principles, integrate the rules of democracy in educational activities, and thus transfer the explicit and implicit democratic functions and structure into education programmes.  \nIn a democratic society the institutions and practices create the political space in which the citizens’identities form and they experience their rights (Mathé, 2016) . Therefore, under true democratic political systems due to the accountability, the government has to protect human rights and the rule of law. After all, an open and conscious discussion is vital for a healthy democracy, because open-minded flow allows people to be fully informed as much as possible (Singh, 2014) . Democracy, more than a form of government, is primarily a mode of sharing a conjoint communicated experience (Dewey, 2001) . In the same way, democratic education enables the faith in the students and reveals collective capacity of them. In a democratic education atmosphere the students are concerned about the welfare of others and the common good (Apple & Beane, 2007; Eryaman & Schneider, 2017; Eryaman & Bruce, 2015) . This collective capacity creates possibilities for resolving p","cbCailqUgFDhkLJD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailqUgFDhkLJD","pdf",641043,21,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Concept of democracy and democratic education\n## Role of schools and teachers in democratic life\n## Democratic school climate and participation","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the study?\",\"answer\":\"The study aims to determine teachers’ cognitive constructs on democratic education in schools.\"},{\"question\":\"How was data collected and analyzed?\",\"answer\":\"Data were collected using the repertory grid technique with 20 teachers, then analyzed through descriptive analysis and classified by functionality and similarity.\"},{\"question\":\"What cognitive constructs were mentioned most frequently?\",\"answer\":\"The most frequently mentioned constructs were increased motivation, confidence/self-confidence, increased job satisfaction, tolerance, participative management, recognition that employees feel precious, organizational commitment, new opinions, human rights, and freedom of ideas/impressions.\"}]","Teachers’ Cognitive Constructs on Democratic Education in Schools - A Case Study | PDF",1792094900,53]