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Searches were conducted in Scopus and Web of Science using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, yielding 19 qualifying articles. ATLAS.ti supported document analysis, while VOSviewer was used for keyword co-occurrence. Results indicate increasing output, most studies measure TDC at low levels, and samples mainly involve secondary teachers, highlighting the need for training programs and further research.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/teacher-digital-competence-keys-for-an-educational-future-through-a-systematic-review/600457/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/teacher-digital-competence-keys-for-an-educational-future-through-a-systematic-review/600457.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"OmBimo","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":29},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the study’s goal regarding teacher digital competence (TDC)?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To review scientific production from the last five years about teacher digital competence (TDC) and summarize research trends and findings.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How were the studies selected and analyzed in the systematic review?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The review used preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, searching Scopus and Web of Science. Selected documents were analyzed with ATLAS.ti, and VOSviewer was used to analyze keyword co-occurrence.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What do the results say about the overall level of teacher digital competence?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review concludes that studies mainly explore TDC levels, which are usually low, and the research output is increasing over time.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},600457,1792188669,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":29,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962090893581,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","OPEN ACCESS  \nReview Article  \nContemporary Educational Technology, 2025, 17(2), ep577 ISSN: 1309-517X (Online)  \nTeacher digital competence: Keys for an educational future through a systematic review  \nMaría de los Ángeles Domínguez-González 1*  \n 0000-0002-9687-9325  \nAntonio Luque de la Rosa 2  \n 0000-0001-7981-029X  \nCarlos Hervás-Gómez 1  \n 0000-0002-0904-9041  \nPedro Román-Graván 1  \n 0000-0002-1646-9247  \n1 Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, SPAIN  \n2 Universidad de Almería, Almería, SPAIN  \n* Corresponding author: [mariandg@us.es](mariandg@us.es)  \nCitation: Domínguez-González, M. Á ., Luque de la Rosa, A., Hervás-Gómez, C., & Román-Graván, P. (2025) . Teacher digital competence: Keys for an educational future through a systematic review. Contemporary Educational Technology, 17(2), ep577. [https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/16168](https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/16168)  \nARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT  \n\n| Received: 20 Jun 2024\u003Cbr>Accepted: 05 Feb 2025\u003Cbr>INTRODUCTION | Constant teacher training and up-dating is fundamental to provide quality teaching and learning. Digital competences are among the skills that teachers must acquire in order to improve the teaching and learning processes. The aim of the present study was to review the scientific production of the last five years regarding teacher digital competence (TDC) . To this end, the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses methodology was used, performing research in two relevant databases: Scopus and Web of Science. A total of 19 articles that met the pre-established criteria were ultimately selected and analyzed. The thorough analysis of the documents was conducted with ATLAS.ti software. To analyze the co-occurrence of keywords, VOSviewer was employed. The main results show that scientific production is increasing, and studies are mostly focused on exploring the level of TDC, which is usually low. The samples of the studies are mainly composed of secondary education teachers. This review concludes by highlighting the need to develop training programs for the improvement of TDCand to carry out further studies in this research line.\u003Cbr>Keywords: teacher digital competence, education, ICT, innovation, teacher training |\n| --- | --- |\n\nEducational centers are in charge of preparing students for the future and for being active citizens who contribute to society. The attainment of this goal requires teachers who are competent in terms of digital transformation, effectively integrating technologies into their teaching (Maksimović & Dimić, 2016) . In this sense, teachers face a double challenge: on the one hand, they must adapt their pedagogical practices to the current educational trends, including technologies (Biggs, 2023; Trujillos Torres et al., 2020; Valerio Neto et al., 2019) and, on the other hand, they must adapt these to the increasing diversity of the students (YasarAkyar et al., 2022) .  \nIn this respect, it is worth pointing out the concept of teacher digital competence (TDC), which goes beyond technical skills. Teachers must be able to make decisions on which resources they use and how they use them, depending on the work situation and context (Pongsakdi et al., 2021) . However, the level of TDC is deficient in many cases, since teachers do not have the adequate training (Gallego Joya et al., 2025; Guillén-Gámez et al.,  \n2021; Larrañaga et al., 2023; Sánchez-Rivas et al., 2024) . The recent COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated this problem, demonstrating the need to increase the level ofTDC in order to transform the educational practices (Guillén-Gámez et al., 2021; Larrañaga et al., 2023). The crisis generated by the pandemic was a turning point in terms of the educational use of digital technologies. The unexpected closure of schools, as a response to the global health emergency, forced teachers around the world to adapt quickly and use digital tools, which became a fundamental pillar to continue the teaching-learning process. The pandemic ","cbCaisjXNrtJiqTf","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaisjXNrtJiqTf","pdf",343899,13,"English","# Introduction\n## Teacher digital competence and its non-technical dimension\n## Challenges for teachers in digital transformation\n## Factors affecting classroom technology integration\n# Review methodology and evidence base\n## Databases and selection criteria\n## Tools for qualitative analysis and keyword networks\n# Key findings and implications\n## Growth in research production\n## Predominant focus and typical low TDC levels\n## Need for training programs and further studies","[{\"question\":\"What is the study’s goal regarding teacher digital competence (TDC)?\",\"answer\":\"To review scientific production from the last five years about teacher digital competence (TDC) and summarize research trends and findings.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the studies selected and analyzed in the systematic review?\",\"answer\":\"The review used preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, searching Scopus and Web of Science. Selected documents were analyzed with ATLAS.ti, and VOSviewer was used to analyze keyword co-occurrence.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the results say about the overall level of teacher digital competence?\",\"answer\":\"The review concludes that studies mainly explore TDC levels, which are usually low, and the research output is increasing over time.\"}]","Teacher Digital Competence: Keys for an Educational Future through a Systematic Review | PDF",1792090729,33]