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The review explains site history, the Superfund framework, combined sewer overflows and Superfund-related regulations, how hydrogeology influences contamination transport, and how ecological restoration can be integrated into cleanup planning.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & Report",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/tasc-review-of-gowanus-canal-remedial-investigation-and-feasibility-study-reports-revised-october-10-2012/266053/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/tasc-review-of-gowanus-canal-remedial-investigation-and-feasibility-study-reports-revised-october-10-2012/266053.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"Connor ","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-14",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",13,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"What is the purpose of the RI and what does it investigate for the Gowanus Canal site?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"The RI focuses on collecting data to characterize site conditions, define the nature of contamination, assess risk to human health and the environment, and test potential treatment technologies. EPA then publishes RI findings in an RI Report.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"How do combined sewer overflows (CSOs) relate to Superfund regulations in this review?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"CSOs are explained as events where stormwater enters sewer systems, potentially exceeding capacity and discharging excess wastewater directly into waters like the Gowanus Canal. The document connects CSO impacts to the broader Superfund regulatory context.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"Why is water movement (hydrogeology) important for contamination in the Gowanus Canal?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Water movement influences how contamination spreads and where risks develop across the canal system. 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EPA published the draft Feasibility Study (FS) Report for the Gowanus Canal in December 2011. The Gowanus Canal Community Advisory Group (CAG) requested technical assistance in the form of a technical document review of both reports. The CAG specifically requested a summary of the RI and FS reports that is easy to understand, with a particular focus on what the reports say about three topics:  \na. Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and their relation to Superfund regulations.  \nb. How water movement affects contamination in the Gowanus Canal (hydrogeology) .  \nc. How ecological restoration could be integrated into the cleanup of the canal.  \nThis report is provided by EPA’s Technical Assistance Services for Communities (TASC) program. Independent technical and environmental consultants implement the TASC program. The report’s contents do not necessarily reflect the policies, actions or positions of EPA. TASC has provided this report to the Gowanus Canal CAG and other community members affected by the Gowanus Canal Superfund site.  \nThis report includes five sections:  \nI. Site Background  \nII. Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study Report Overview  \nIII. Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) and Superfund Regulations  \nIV. How Water Movement Affects Contamination in the Gowanus Canal  \nV. Ecological Restoration and Site Cleanup  \nI. Site Background  \nIntroduction  \nThe Gowanus Canal is located in Brooklyn, New York. Completed in 1869, the canal was once a major local transportation route. Manufactured gas plants, mills, tanneries and chemical plants operated along the canal. Today, the Gowanus Canal is one of the nation’s most extensively contaminated water bodies. EPA added the canal to the Superfund National Priorities List (NPL) on March 2, 2010. The NPL is EPA’s list of the most contaminated hazardous wastes sites in the United States. Figure 1 shows the Gowanus Canal as seen from the Union Street Bridge during a walking tour with CAG members. Figure 1: Gowanus Canal from Union Street Bridge  \nThe Superfund Process  \nSuperfund is the common name for the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980  \n(CERCLA) . The program’s name refers to the“super fund” of money that was set aside to cleanup hazardous waste sites when it was established in 1980.  \nFigure 2 shows the Superfund process. It begins with a preliminary assessment and site inspection (PA/SI) and continues on to the NPL listing process. The RI/FS stage determines the nature and extent of contamination at a site and evaluates treatment technologies. EPA then selects a remedy for sites in a decision document called a Record of Decision (ROD) . Leading up to the ROD, EPA selects a preferred remedy and presents this remedy in a document called the Proposed Plan. Public comments are solicited on the Proposed Plan before the ROD is completed. After the ROD, detailed cleanup plans are  \ndeveloped and implemented during the remedial design/remedial action (RD/RA) stage, leading to the completion and monitoring of cleanups during the construction completion and post-construction completion stages. Once sites are fully protective of human health and the environment, EPA deletes them from the NPL.  \nFigure 2: The Superfund process  \n([http://www.epa.gov/superfund/community/process.htm](http://www.epa.gov/superfund/community/process.htm))  \nAs described above, EPA listed the Gowanus Canal on the NPL in March 2010 followin","cbCaicOXDjes7nGO","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicOXDjes7nGO","pdf",1675177,17,"English","# Site Background\n## Introduction\n## The Superfund Process\n# Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study Report Overview\n## Remedial Investigation (RI), January 2011\n# Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) and Superfund Regulations\n# How Water Movement Affects Contamination in the Gowanus Canal\n# Ecological Restoration and Site Cleanup","[{\"question\":\"What is the purpose of the RI and what does it investigate for the Gowanus Canal site?\",\"answer\":\"The RI focuses on collecting data to characterize site conditions, define the nature of contamination, assess risk to human health and the environment, and test potential treatment technologies. EPA then publishes RI findings in an RI Report.\"},{\"question\":\"How do combined sewer overflows (CSOs) relate to Superfund regulations in this review?\",\"answer\":\"CSOs are explained as events where stormwater enters sewer systems, potentially exceeding capacity and discharging excess wastewater directly into waters like the Gowanus Canal. The document connects CSO impacts to the broader Superfund regulatory context.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is water movement (hydrogeology) important for contamination in the Gowanus Canal?\",\"answer\":\"Water movement influences how contamination spreads and where risks develop across the canal system. The review highlights the role of hydrogeology in understanding contamination behavior and informing cleanup decisions.\"}]","TASC Review of Gowanus Canal - Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study Reports - Revised October 10, 2012 | PDF",43]