[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-331455-105":59,"doc-detail-331455-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","targeting-lactate-an-emerging-strategy-for-macrophage-regulation-in-chronic-inflammation-and-cancer","Targeting Lactate - An Emerging Strategy for Macrophage Regulation in Chronic Inflammation and Cancer","","Lactate accumulation and macrophage infiltration are central hallmarks of chronic inflammation and cancer. Lactate, formerly viewed as a glucose-metabolism by-product, is now recognized for diverse biological functions and immunomodulatory roles. Macrophages can adopt distinct immunophenotypes across diseases, with macrophage polarization shaping the disease microenvironment. However, how macrophage polarization evolves in high-lactate settings and drives progression remains debated.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/targeting-lactate-an-emerging-strategy-for-macrophage-regulation-in-chronic-inflammation-and-cancer/331455/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/targeting-lactate-an-emerging-strategy-for-macrophage-regulation-in-chronic-inflammation-and-cancer/331455.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Sage","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"Why is lactate important in chronic inflammation and cancer?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Lactate accumulation is a key feature of both chronic inflammation and cancer and helps shape the disease microenvironment through signaling effects.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How are macrophage phenotypes connected to disease progression?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Macrophages show divergent immunophenotypes, and their polarization in the microenvironment influences whether inflammation and cancer advance.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is the main purpose of this review?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review summarizes evidence on the lactate–macrophage crosstalk in chronic inflammation and cancer and discusses mechanisms by which lactate promotes disease pathogenesis, supporting targeted therapeutic ideas.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},331455,1790192800,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},687197207057,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","biomolecules  \nReview  \nTargeting Lactate: An Emerging Strategy for Macrophage Regulation in Chronic Inflammation and Cancer  \nRong Jiang, Wen-Jing Ren, Li-Ying Wang, Wei Zhang, Zhi-Hong Jiang * and Guo-Yuan Zhu *  \nCitation: Jiang, R.; Ren, W.-J.; Wang, L.-Y.; Zhang, W.; Jiang, Z.-H.; Zhu, G.-Y. Targeting Lactate: An Emerging Strategy for Macrophage Regulation in Chronic Inflammation and Cancer. Biomolecules 2024, 14, 1202. [https://](https://)[ ](https://)[doi.org/10.3390/biom14101202](doi.org/10.3390/biom14101202)  \nAcademic Editors: Jorge Joven and Vadim Sumbayev  \nReceived: 27 August 2024  \nRevised: 16 September 2024  \nAccepted: 20 September 2024  \nPublished: 24 September 2024  \nCopyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://](https://)[ ](https://)[creativecommons.org/licenses/by/](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[ ](creativecommons.org/licenses/by/)[4.0/](4.0/)) .  \nState Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China;  \n[22028533ct30001@student.must.edu.mo](22028533ct30001@student.must.edu.mo) (R.J.); [2109853dct30001@student.must.edu.mo](2109853dct30001@student.must.edu.mo) (W.-J.R.);  \n[lyw07032@zcst.edu.cn](lyw07032@zcst.edu.cn) (L.-Y.W.); [wzhang@must.edu.mo](wzhang@must.edu.mo) (W.Z.)  \n* Correspondence: [zhjiang@must.edu.mo](zhjiang@must.edu.mo) (Z.-H.J.); [gyzhu@must.edu.mo](gyzhu@must.edu.mo) (G.-Y.Z.)  \nAbstract: Lactate accumulation and macrophage infiltration are pivotal features of both chronic inflammation and cancer. Lactate, once regarded merely as an aftereffect of glucose metabolism, is now gaining recognition for its burgeoning spectrum of biological roles and immunomodulatory significance. Recent studies have evidenced that macrophages display divergent immunophenotypesin different diseases, which play a pivotal role in disease management by modulating macrophage polarization within the disease microenvironment. The specific polarization patterns of macrophages in a high-lactate environment and their contribution to the progression of chronic inflammation and cancer remain contentious. This review presents current evidence on the crosstalk of lactate and macrophage in chronic inflammation and cancer. Additionally, we provide an in-depth exploration of the pivotal yet enigmatic mechanisms through which lactate orchestrates disease pathogenesis, thereby offering novel perspectives to the development of targeted therapeutic interventions for chronic inflammation and cancer.  \nKeywords: lactate; macrophage; chronic inflammation; cancer; signaling pathway; small molecules  \n1. Introduction  \nLactate is one of the most important metabolites of anaerobic respiration. Traditionally considered a by-product of glucose metabolism, lactate primarily arises through the glycolytic pathway. The generation of lactate escalates under conditions where the cellular requirement for oxygen and ATP outstrips the supply, such as during intense physical activity, in cancerous states, and in the presence of infection [1–3] . Lactate has also been implicated in glycolytic-related functions [4], macrophage polarization [5,6], neuromodulation [7,8], angiogenesis [9,10], and other diseases [11–13] .  \nChronic inflammation and cancer share a strikingly similar tissue microenvironment characterized by hypoxia, increased lactate and metabolic by-products, and nutrient scarcity [14,15] . The Warburg effect, observed by Otto Warburg in 1923, describes the distinctive behavior of cancer cells: they exhibit high glucose uptake and lactate overproduction even in ample oxygen, a phenomenon also known as aerobic glycolysis. More and more ","cbCaitLH6IL6wBDL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitLH6IL6wBDL","pdf",4734088,25,"English","# Abstract\n# Keywords\n# 1. Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Why is lactate important in chronic inflammation and cancer?\",\"answer\":\"Lactate accumulation is a key feature of both chronic inflammation and cancer and helps shape the disease microenvironment through signaling effects.\"},{\"question\":\"How are macrophage phenotypes connected to disease progression?\",\"answer\":\"Macrophages show divergent immunophenotypes, and their polarization in the microenvironment influences whether inflammation and cancer advance.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of this review?\",\"answer\":\"The review summarizes evidence on the lactate–macrophage crosstalk in chronic inflammation and cancer and discusses mechanisms by which lactate promotes disease pathogenesis, supporting targeted therapeutic ideas.\"}]","Targeting Lactate - An Emerging Strategy for Macrophage Regulation in Chronic Inflammation and Cancer | PDF",1789993310,63]