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This study prospectively assessed clinical, dermatoscopic, and immunohistochemical changes after three PDT sessions in 31 untreated AK patients, targeting proliferation markers (Ki67, p53) and inflammation (COX-2). Results showed higher clearance and significant reductions of Ki67, p53, and COX-2 in most cases. 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Expression levels were analyzed immunohistochemically before and after treatment.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was photodynamic therapy administered in the study?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Thirty-one patients with actinic keratoses and no prior AK treatment history underwent three PDT sessions at four-week intervals. Follow-up occurred eight weeks after the final session.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What were the main clinical and biomarker outcomes after PDT?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Clinically, 54.8% of patients achieved complete lesion clearance. Ki67 and p53 expression significantly decreased after PDT, and COX-2 also declined significantly overall, though COX-2 remained stable or increased in some cases.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},376169,1790470620,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":31},2336477552062,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","Article  \nTargeting Biomarkers of Proliferation and Inflammation (Ki67, p53, and COX-2) in Actinic Keratoses with  \nPhotodynamic Therapy  \nJustyna Ceryn 1,2, *, Aleksandra Lesiak 1,3, Magdalena Cia˛y ´nska 1,4, Dorota Sobolewska-Sztychny 1,3, Marcin Noweta 1, Olga Stasikowska-Kanicka 5, Karol Cia˛y ´nski 6, Iris Zalaudek 7 and Joanna Narbutt 1,3  \nAcademic Editor: Yongdoo Choi  \nReceived: 22 May 2025  \nRevised: 6 June 2025  \nAccepted: 13 June 2025  \nPublished: 17 June 2025  \nCitation: Ceryn, J.; Lesiak, A.;  \nCia˛z˙ y ´nska, M.; Sobolewska-Sztychny, D.; Noweta, M.; Stasikowska-Kanicka, O.; Cia˛z˙ y ´nski, K.; Zalaudek, I.; Narbutt, J. Targeting Biomarkers of Proliferation and Inflammation (Ki67, p53, and COX-2) in Actinic Keratoses with Photodynamic Therapy. Biomedicines 2025, 13, 1487. [https://](https://)[ ](https://)[doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13061487](doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13061487)  \n[Copyright:](Copyright:) © 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ([https://creativecommons.org/](https://creativecommons.org/)[ ](https://creativecommons.org/)[licenses/by/4.0/](licenses/by/4.0/)) .  \n1 Department of Dermatology, Paediatric Dermatology and Dermatological Oncology, Medical University of  \nLodz, 90-217 Lodz, Poland; [justyna.ceryn@stud.umed.lodz.pl](justyna.ceryn@stud.umed.lodz.pl) (J.C.); [lesiak_ola@interia.pl](lesiak_ola@interia.pl) (A.L.);  \n[ciazynska.magdalena@gmail.com](ciazynska.magdalena@gmail.com) (M.C.); [sobolewska.sztychny@gmail.com](sobolewska.sztychny@gmail.com) (D.S.-S.);  \n[m.noweta@wp.pl](m.noweta@wp.pl) (M.N.); [joanna.narbutt@umed.lodz.pl](joanna.narbutt@umed.lodz.pl) (J.N.)  \n2 International Doctoral School, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; [justyna.ceryn@stud.umed.lodz.pl](justyna.ceryn@stud.umed.lodz.pl)  \n3 Laboratory of Autoinflammatory, Genetic and Rare Skin Disorders at Department of Dermatology, Pediatric Dermatology and Dermatological Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-217 Lodz, Poland; [lesiak_ola@interia.pl](lesiak_ola@interia.pl) (A.L.); [sobolewska.sztychny@gmail.com](sobolewska.sztychny@gmail.com) (D.S.-S.); [joanna.narbutt@umed.lodz.pl](joanna.narbutt@umed.lodz.pl) (J.N.)  \n4 Chemotherapy Sub-Department and One-Day Chemotherapy Department, Specialist Oncological Hospital NU-MED sp. z o. o., 97-200 Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Poland; [ciazynska.magdalena@gmail.com](ciazynska.magdalena@gmail.com)  \n[5](5 Department of Diagnostic Techniques in Pathomorphology)[ Department of Diagnostic Techniques in Pathomorphology](5 Department of Diagnostic Techniques in Pathomorphology), [Medical University of Lodz](Medical University of Lodz), [92-213 Lodz](92-213 Lodz), [Poland](Poland); [olga.stasikowska@umed.lodz.pl](olga.stasikowska@umed.lodz.pl)  \n6 Institute of Applied Computer Science, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland; [karol.ciazynski@gmail.com](karol.ciazynski@gmail.com)  \n7 Department of Dermatology, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;  \niris.zalaudek@asugi.sanita.fvg.it  \n* [Correspondence: justyna.ceryn@stud.umed.lodz.pl](Correspondence: justyna.ceryn@stud.umed.lodz.pl)  \nAbstract: Background: Actinic keratoses (AKs) are common pre-neoplastic lesions that may progress to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective field-directed treatment for AK, but its impact on key biomarkers remains unclear. This study evaluates the clinical, dermatoscopic, and immunohistochemical effects of PDT on AK, with a focus on proliferation (Ki67, p53) and inflammation (COX-2) markers, to assess its efficacy in delaying carcinogenesis. Methods: In our prospective one-center study, we enrolled 31 patients with AK, with no history of previous AK treatment. They underwent three PDT sessions at four-week intervals, with follow-up eight weeks after the final session.","cbCaiqKgaswL7uWY","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqKgaswL7uWY","pdf",3822182,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Materials and Methods\n# Results\n# Discussion\n# Conclusions","[{\"question\":\"What biomarkers were evaluated to measure PDT effects in actinic keratoses?\",\"answer\":\"The study focused on proliferation markers Ki67 and p53, and the inflammation marker COX-2. Expression levels were analyzed immunohistochemically before and after treatment.\"},{\"question\":\"How was photodynamic therapy administered in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Thirty-one patients with actinic keratoses and no prior AK treatment history underwent three PDT sessions at four-week intervals. Follow-up occurred eight weeks after the final session.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the main clinical and biomarker outcomes after PDT?\",\"answer\":\"Clinically, 54.8% of patients achieved complete lesion clearance. Ki67 and p53 expression significantly decreased after PDT, and COX-2 also declined significantly overall, though COX-2 remained stable or increased in some cases.\"}]","Targeting Biomarkers of Proliferation and Inflammation (Ki67, p53, and COX-2) in Actinic Keratoses with Photodynamic Therapy | PDF",1790217576]