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The analysis links rising income inequality to the global economic crisis, weak employment outcomes, segmented labour markets, and limited social protection coverage. 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The global economic crisis further worsened unemployment and underemployment, undermining efforts to reduce chronic poverty.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do labour market segmentation and limited social protection affect redistribution?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"In a segmented labour market, it is difficult for tax and benefit systems to redistribute resources. Limited coverage of social protection is associated with persistently high earnings and income inequalities.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the volume say about employment outcomes across Brazil, China, India, and South Africa?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The experiences are diverse: strong growth translated into job creation and mobility, yet many workers remained trapped in low-paid, unstable informal jobs. Formal sector opportunities were better for some, while others faced persistent employment disparities.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},502956,1791170526,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145},962085564807,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","social policy labour markets povert NEQUALITY  \npovErTY LAbo ArkETs  \nINEQUALITIEs povErTY LAboUr mArkETs socIAL poLIcY INEQUALITIEs povErTY LAboUr mArkETs socIAL po  \nsocIAL poLIcY INEQUALITIEs pov rTY LAboUr mArkETs socIAL poLIcY INEQUA poverty inequality social policy labour markets poverty inequalities social LAboUr mArkETs socIAL poLI INEQUALITY nequalities social policy labour markets poverty inequalities social policy labour markets poverty inequalities  \nlabour markets poverty inequaliti social policy labour markets poverty inequalities social policy labour markets poverty inequalities social policy labour markets poverty ine povErTY LAboUr mArkETs socIAL poLIcY INEQUALITIEs povErTY LAboUr mArkETs socIAL poLIcY INEQUALITIEs po labour markets poverty inequalities social policy labour markets poverty inequalities social policy labour markets poverty inequalities soci LAboUr mArkETs socIAL poLIcY INEQUALITIEs povErTY LAboUr mArkETs socIAL poLIcY INEQUALITIEs povErTY LA  \npoverty inequalities social policy labour markets  \npoverty inequalities social policy labour markets poverty inequalities social policy labour socIAL poLIcY INEQUALITIEs povErTY LAboUr mArkETs socIAL poLIcY INEQUALITIEs povErTY LAboUr mArkETs sonequalities social policy labour markets poverty inequalities social policy labour markets poverty inequalities social policy labour markets NEQUALITIEs povErTY LAboUr mArkETs socIAL poLIcY INEQUALITIEs povErTY LAboUr mArkETs socIAL poLIcY IN social policy labour markets poverty inequalities social policy labour markets poverty inequalities social policy labour markets poverty ine povErTY LAboUr mArkETs socIAL poLIcY INEQUALITIEs povErTY LAboUr mArkETs socIAL poLIcY INEQUALITIEs po abour markets poverty inequalities social policy labour markets poverty inequalities social policy labour markets poverty inequalities soci LAboUr mArkETs socIAL poLIcY INEQUALITIEs povErTY LAboUr mArkETs socIAL poLIcY INEQUALITIEs povErTY LAinequalities social policy labour markets poverty inequalities social policy labour markets poverty inequalities social policy socIAL poLIcY INEQUALITIEs povErTY LAboUr mArkETs socIAL poLIcY INEQUALITIEs povE policy labour markets poverty inequalities social policy labour markets poverty ineq INEQUALITIEs povErTY LAboUr mArkETs socIAL poLIcY INEQocial policy labour markets poverty inequalities  \npov rTY LAboUr mArkET soc labour mark  \nTackling inequalities in brazil, China, india and south Africa  \nThe Role of lAbouR MARkeT And soCiAl PoliCies  \nTackling Inequalities in Brazil, China, India and South Africa  \nTHE ROLE OF LABOUR MARKET AND SOCIAL  \nPOLICIES  \nThis work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the OECD or of the governments of its member countries or those of the European Union.  \nPlease cite this publication as:  \nOECD (2010), Tackling Inequalities in Brazil, China, India and South Africa: The Role of Labour Market and Social Policies, OECD Publishing.  \n[http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264088368-en](http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264088368-en)  \nISBN 978-92-64-08835-1 (print)  \nISBN 978-92-64-08836-8 (PDF)  \nRevised version, August 2013  \nDetails of revisions available at: [http://www.oecd.org/about/publishing/Corrigendum_Tackling_Inequalities.pdf](http://www.oecd.org/about/publishing/Corrigendum_Tackling_Inequalities.pdf)  \nCorrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line [at:](at: www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda)[ www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda](at: www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda).  \n© OECD 2010  \nYou can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or comme","cbCaidtSzG17FXcV","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaidtSzG17FXcV","pdf",2880171,311,"English","# Foreword\n## Economic integration, inequality, and poverty reduction\n## Labour markets, informality, and social protection\n## Segmented labour markets and redistribution constraints\n## Country experiences: policy directions","[{\"question\":\"Why have inequalities increased in these emerging economies despite strong growth?\",\"answer\":\"Stronger growth has not always been shared equally across socio-demographic groups, and income inequality has often increased. The global economic crisis further worsened unemployment and underemployment, undermining efforts to reduce chronic poverty.\"},{\"question\":\"How do labour market segmentation and limited social protection affect redistribution?\",\"answer\":\"In a segmented labour market, it is difficult for tax and benefit systems to redistribute resources. Limited coverage of social protection is associated with persistently high earnings and income inequalities.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the volume say about employment outcomes across Brazil, China, India, and South Africa?\",\"answer\":\"The experiences are diverse: strong growth translated into job creation and mobility, yet many workers remained trapped in low-paid, unstable informal jobs. Formal sector opportunities were better for some, while others faced persistent employment disparities.\"}]","Tackling Inequalities in Brazil, China, India and South Africa - The Role of Labour Market and Social Policies | PDF",1791046935,784]