[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-382666-105":59,"doc-detail-382666-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","systemic-diseases-and-gastrointestinal-cancer-risk","Systemic Diseases and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk","","Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers account for a major share of cancer mortality worldwide and remain especially challenging in middle- and low-income settings. Patients commonly present with poor appetite, weight loss, heartburn, abdominal pain, fatigue, and anaemia. This review explains how systemic diseases involving chronic inflammation and oxidative stress can promote GI carcinogenesis through inflammatory pathways and genetic alterations. It highlights conditions such as diabetes, hepatitis, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, ulcers, and hypertension, emphasizing the potential cancer risk when these diseases remain untreated for extended periods.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/systemic-diseases-and-gastrointestinal-cancer-risk/382666/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/systemic-diseases-and-gastrointestinal-cancer-risk/382666.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Quinn Holloway","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-29","2026-09-24",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What makes gastrointestinal (GI) cancers a major global health concern?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"GI cancers are a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with high disease burden and substantial challenges for public health, especially in middle- and low-income countries.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"Which systemic diseases are discussed as potential contributors to GI cancer risk?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"The review discusses untreated systemic diseases including diabetes, hepatitis, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, ulcers, and hypertension.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"How do systemic diseases potentially lead to gastrointestinal cancers?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"They can initiate oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways and contribute to genetic manipulations, together increasing GI cancer risk.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},382666,1790678134,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":105,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":41},2336474466712,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Systemic Diseases and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk  \nNaila Malkani1, Muhammad Usman Rashid2*  \n1 Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, 2 Department of Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan  \nReceived: 11 June 2022/Accepted: 15 June 2023  \nOPEN ACCESS  \nCorrespondence:  \nMuhammad Usman Rashid, Department of Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.  \nE-mail: [usmanr@skm.org.pk](usmanr@skm.org.pk)  \nCitation: Malkani N,  \nRashid MU. Systemic Diseases and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk. J Cancer Allied Spec [Internet] . 2023;9(2):1-12 .  \n[https://doi.org/10.37029/jcas](https://doi.org/10.37029/jcas). v9i2.473  \nCopyright: © 2023 Malkani Nand Rashid MU. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative  Commons AttributionNonCommercial-ShareAlike  4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.  \nFunding: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.  \nCompeting interest: Nil.  \nIntroduction  \nAbstract  \nImportance: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Observations: The global challenges GI cancers pose are high, especially in middle-and low-income countries. Patients with these cancers present with symptoms of poor appetite, weight loss, heartburn, abdominal pain, fatigue and anaemia. Several risk factors contribute to GI cancers, including age, gender, obesity, pathogenic infections, smoking cigarettes, alcohol consumption and dietary habits. Most of these cancers are sporadic. However, some patients are at high risk due to a family history of GI cancers. Systemic diseases affect multiple organs, and their chronic occurrence elicits inflammatory responses at various sites. These diseases also contribute to GI cancers. Conclusion and Relevance: In this review, we discuss that untreated systemic diseases, including diabetes, hepatitis, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, ulcers and hypertension, can potentially lead to GI cancers if they remain untreated for a longer period. Systemic diseases initiate oxidative stress, inflammatory pathways and genetic manipulations, which altogether confer risks to GI cancers. Here, we describe the association between systemic diseases and their underlying mechanisms leading to GI cancers.  \nKeywords: Epidemiology, gastrointestinal cancer, global burden, inflammation, risk factors  \nserious health consequences. A prolonged illness in the GI tract can also lead to cancer of the GI tract.[2]  \nAmong humans, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract comprises a series of organs joined in a tube form and provides nutrients, clears toxic waste and maintains immune functions.[1] Due to this significance, a GI tract abnormality may cause  \nGlobally, 5 million new GI cancer cases and 3.5 million deaths were estimated in 2020. GI cancers are the second leading cause of cancerrelated deaths worldwide. GI cancer refers to the  \nmalignancies of several organs, including the oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreatic, colon and rectum [Figure 1] .  \nThe presenting complaints among individuals with these cancers include poor appetite, weight loss, heartburn, abdominal pain and anaemia. [3] The majority of GI cancers are sporadic, that is, with no family history of cancer. However, up to 10% of GI cancers are hereditary, that is, with a family history of cancer. The chances of recovery increase many folds if diagnosed early.[4] Taken together, the global challenges posed by GI cancers in public health are very high.[5]  \nConsidering the importance of GI cancers, we described major GI cancers, their prevalence and the potential risk factors associated with these cancers. However, the pri","cbCaioidb95FcnsW","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioidb95FcnsW","pdf",926092,"English","# Introduction\n# Overview of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers\n## Epidemiology and hereditary risk\n# Classification of GI cancers\n## Oesophageal cancer\n## Gastric cancer","[{\"question\":\"What makes gastrointestinal (GI) cancers a major global health concern?\",\"answer\":\"GI cancers are a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with high disease burden and substantial challenges for public health, especially in middle- and low-income countries.\"},{\"question\":\"Which systemic diseases are discussed as potential contributors to GI cancer risk?\",\"answer\":\"The review discusses untreated systemic diseases including diabetes, hepatitis, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, ulcers, and hypertension.\"},{\"question\":\"How do systemic diseases potentially lead to gastrointestinal cancers?\",\"answer\":\"They can initiate oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways and contribute to genetic manipulations, together increasing GI cancer risk.\"}]","Systemic Diseases and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk | PDF",1790251602]