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Using a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review design, it applies a systematic comparative literature review categorized as a configurative review. The evidence relies on secondary sources, including scientific articles, books, and videos on civics learning models. Findings show differences in learning objectives, social system elements, reflection and feedback, and instructional impacts, while both systems share aims related to rights, obligations, and democracy, plus contextual and experiential methods.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/systematic-comparison-of-civics-learning-models-in-elementary-schools-indonesia-versus-finland/588345/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/systematic-comparison-of-civics-learning-models-in-elementary-schools-indonesia-versus-finland/588345.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Putri","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-10","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of this study?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To systematically compare civics learning models for elementary schools in Indonesia and Finland.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What research method and evidence sources are used?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A descriptive qualitative method with a literature review design, using a systematic comparative literature review (configurative review) based on secondary sources such as articles, books, and videos.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What are the key similarities and differences between the two countries’ civics learning models?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Similarities include teaching values related to rights, obligations, and democracy and using contextual and experiential approaches (e.g., outdoor activities and case discussions). Differences involve learning objectives, aspects of the social system, reflection and feedback, and instructional impact.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},588345,1792065056,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144,"preview_page_count":4},962085571259,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0","Systematic Comparison of Civics Learning Models in Elementary Schools: Indonesia Versus Finland  \nMuhamad Taufik Hidayat Monash University  \nUniversitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta  \nAtika Azzahro Hazima  \nUniversitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta  \nAbstract  \nThis study aims to systematically compare civics learning models of elementary schools in Indonesia and Finland. This study used the descriptive qualitative method with a literature review design. A systematic comparative literature review method was used, categorized as a configurative review. The data in this study consisted of secondary data sources, including scientific articles, books, and videos regarding civics learning models for elementary schools in Indonesia and Finland. The systems of civics learning models in Indonesia and Finland have several differences, such as: (1) the learning objectives of civics in Indonesia had a greater focus on cultivating character and multiculturalism; (2) the social system aspect is different; (3) the reflection and feedback aspects of civics learning are different; and (4) there are also differences in the instructional impact of civics learning. Meanwhile, the systems of civics learning models used in Indonesia and Finland have similarities, including: (1) civics learning in both countries aims to instill values related to rights, obligations, and democracy; and (2) both systems utilize contextual and experiential learning methods, including outdoor activities and reallife case discussions. Finland's civics learning model is considered more comprehensive and participatory, as it fosters critical thinking, civic engagement, and a deeper understanding of democratic values and societal functions. The novelty of this study lies in its use of a systematic comparative literature review to analyze the design, delivery, and impact of civics learning in two distinct educational contexts.  \nIntroduction  \nCivics is essential because it helps students understand and become aware of their citizenship. Civics strives to teach about a country's government and legal system and build social skills, democratic principles, and participation attitudes necessary for active citizens (Muhibbin & Sumarjoko, 2016; Sumardjoko, 2015; Wulandari et al., 2022) . A successful civics teaching system would result in a better society and a more responsible nation.  \nA learning paradigm impacts how well students learn. A learning model is a framework, technique, or system that teachers or instructors use to teach students and facilitate their learning process. Choosing the most appropriate learning model can improve knowledge, student engagement, and overall learning results (Mukhlisotin, 2022) . Learning models and systems are critical to educational achievement, as they shape how students learn, engage with, and assimilate knowledge.  \nCivics still needs to be applied adequately in Indonesia. According to surveys and studies, many Indonesian students need to learn more about core concepts of citizenship, such as citizens'rights and duties, the political system, and the governmental structure. According to Fithriyyah (2012), the Indonesian government's exploitation of money politics suggests that the country's democratic system is ineffective. According to KPU (Komisi Pemilihan Umum / Indonesian General Election Commission) data, the participation of young voters in the 2020 general election declined from 81.9% to 76.9%(Saluan et al., 2023) . This data showed that students' awareness and interest in the political process, as well as the relevance of voting rights, remained low.  \nThis predicament can emerge when the civics learning system fails to achieve its purpose of forming a democratic society. Teachers' grasp of the curriculum is distinct from its application. Komara (2017) highlights that despite its long-standing presence in the Indonesian curriculum, civics has yet to foster students' political literacy, critical thinking, or participatory skills. The civics sys","cbCaiqPWEASoAtgh","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqPWEASoAtgh","pdf",143616,17,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of this study?\",\"answer\":\"To systematically compare civics learning models for elementary schools in Indonesia and Finland.\"},{\"question\":\"What research method and evidence sources are used?\",\"answer\":\"A descriptive qualitative method with a literature review design, using a systematic comparative literature review (configurative review) based on secondary sources such as articles, books, and videos.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the key similarities and differences between the two countries’ civics learning models?\",\"answer\":\"Similarities include teaching values related to rights, obligations, and democracy and using contextual and experiential approaches (e.g., outdoor activities and case discussions). Differences involve learning objectives, aspects of the social system, reflection and feedback, and instructional impact.\"}]","Systematic Comparison of Civics Learning Models in Elementary Schools - Indonesia Versus Finland | PDF",43]