[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-445780-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-445780-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","syria-and-palestine-chapter-xxi-in-the-heracleopolitan-period-and-the-eleventh-dynasty","SYRIA AND PALESTINE - CHAPTER XXI - In the Heracleopolitan Period and the Eleventh Dynasty","","Detailed chapter analysis of Egypt’s relations with Syria and Palestine from c. 2160–1780 B.C., focusing on the Heracleopolitan period and the eleventh dynasty. The text explains how the end of the Old Kingdom and internal instability weakened frontier control, enabling Asiatics’ incursions into the eastern Delta. It evaluates archaeological and inscriptional evidence, the sparse nature of documented Egyptian influence, and the resulting need to discard unsupported hypotheses. Finally, it describes improvements in the Tenth Dynasty and quotes an Instruction text describing “wretched Asiatic” conditions, routes, and nomadic living 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historical change marks the start of the troubled period discussed in this chapter?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"With the end of the Old Kingdom (c. 2181 B.C.), Egypt entered a phase of decadence and instability during the First Intermediate Period.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"Why is Egyptian influence in Syria between the Sixth and Twelfth Dynasties considered scarce or doubtful?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"The chapter states that archaeological evidence is scarce and of doubtful value, and that Egyptian kings are largely not mentioned in relevant hieroglyphic inscriptions.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"How does the chapter describe the improvement during the Tenth Dynasty?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"It explains that Achthoes III helped the nomarchs of the Delta to free the eastern province of invaders and strengthened frontier defenses, with conifers imported again via routes through the Western Delta ports.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},445780,1791096123,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,91,95,100,105,109,114,119,122,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & 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\n8s.6d.n=t;S1.75  \n>0  \nSYRIA AND PALESTINE  \nC.2160—1780 B.C.  \n# RELATIONS WITH EGYPT(SSI-III)\n\nBY  \nG.POSENERProfeseuzr de philologie et archeologie eyptiernes au Colliege de France  \n# RELATIONS WITHMESOPOTAMIA(SIV)\n\nBY  \nJ.BOTTÉRODirecteur d'études àPEcole pratique des Hautes Etudes,Paris  \nTHE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES(SSV-VII)  \nBY  \nKATHLEEN M.KENYONPrincipal of St Hugh’s College,Oxford  \nVOLUME I,CHAPTER XXI  \nCAMBRIDGE nclent n1swyAT THE UNIVERSITY PRESSI965  \nPU BLI SHED BYTHE SYNDICS OF THE CAM BRI DGE UNIVERSITY PRES S  \nBentley House,200 Euston Road,London,N.W.IAmerican Branch:32 East 57th Street,New York,N.Y.I0022West African Office:P.O.Box 33,Ibadan,Nigeria  \nCAMBRI DGE UNIVERSITY PRESS  \nCHAPTER XXI  \nSYRIA AND PALESTINE  \nc.216o-178o B.C.  \n# I.SYRIA AND PALESTINE IN THEHERACLEOPOLITAN PERIOD AND THEELEVENTH DYNASTY\n\nWITH the end of the Old Kingdom(c.2I8I B.C.),Egypt enteredupon a period of decadence,the First Intermediate Period,com-prising the Seventh to the Tenth Dynasties and lasting about I40years.Egyptian activity in Asia,which until then had beenconsiderable,suffered from the effects of the instability prevailingin the Nile Valley.Describing the beginning of the troubledperiod in his‘Admonitions’,Ipuwer says sadly that his compa-triots are no longer going to Byblos to obtain the conifer woodand resin needed for mummies.2 It was to be a long time beforeeconomic and diplomatic relations were to become active again.Archaeological evidence of Egyptian influence in Syrian portsbetween the Sixth and Twelfth Dynasties is scarce and of doubtfulvalue.3 At Byblos,and in Syria and Palestine as a whole,noEgyptian king is mentioned in the hieroglyphic inscriptionsbetween Phiops II and Sesostris I.4 A similar absence of royalnames can also be observed (from Phiops II⁵to Mentuhotpe II⁶)in the mines of Sinai.This silence shows how slight and irregularconnexions must have been at that time.  \nInternal weakness,after the end of the Old Kingdom,left theEgyptian frontiers without adequate protection.The Asiatics tookadvantage of this state of affairs to make their way in force intothe Eastern Delta and to wander through its pastures with their  \n1 C.A.H.I2,ch.XIV,sect.v;C.A.H.I²,ch.xx,sects.I-IV.  \n2 P.Leiden 344 recto,3,6-8;§I,I7,32-3;§I,I2,96;§I,58,441;§I,54,  \n43-4.  \n3§I,I;§I,56,25-6.  \n4§I,39,vol.VII,369-96.The Byblite cylinder,which bears the name ofSehetepibre(§I,38),is usually ascribed to the second king of this name who belongedto the Thirteenth Dynasty and not to the father of Sesostris I.See C.A.H.II²,ch.II,sect.II.  \n5§r,2I,part I,pl.9,no.I7.Ibid.part II,64.  \n6§I,2I,part I,pl.22,no.70.Ibid.part II,38-9,86;§I,I9.  \nSYRIA AND PALESTINE,c.2160-1780 B.C.  \nfocks.Some of these invaders settled there,while others con-ducted raids on the territory or used it for the seasonal movementsof focks,all of which added to the prevailing condition of anarchyin the country and contributed to its ruin.¹In Ipuwer's words,'the foreigners are(now)skilled in the crafts of the Marshlands'.2Bedawin were also to be found in Middle Egypt,serving probablyas mercenaries in the internal struggles which were rending thecountry.3 Perhaps the introduction of copper-headed arrows intoEgypt should be attributed to the Asiatics.4 It is not easy toestablish a connexion between the presence of these nomads andthe so-called button-seals.These objects are characteristic of theFirst Intermediate Period and they are not Egyptian in origin,but they did appear in Egypt as early as the Sixth Dynasty,beforethe intrusion of the bedawin.5 The hypothesis,built up aroundthe button-seals,according to which some Asiatic conquerorsruled over the Lower Nile Valley after the Old Kingdom,⁶isdisproved by the texts and must be discarded.7  \nThe situation improved during the Tenth Dynasty(c.2I30-2040 B.C.),with Achthoes III,8who helped the nomarchs of theDelta to free the eas","cbCaiv47p9Lh9qv3","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiv47p9Lh9qv3","pdf",3022238,"English","# Syria and Palestine in the Heracleopolitan Period and the Eleventh Dynasty\n## Decline after the Old Kingdom and Asiatic incursions\n## Limits of Egyptian evidence in Syrian ports and inscriptions\n## Frontier defense under the Tenth Dynasty and Achthoes III\n## Nomadic customs and the quoted Instruction passage","[{\"question\":\"What historical change marks the start of the troubled period discussed in this chapter?\",\"answer\":\"With the end of the Old Kingdom (c. 2181 B.C.), Egypt entered a phase of decadence and instability during the First Intermediate Period.\"},{\"question\":\"Why is Egyptian influence in Syria between the Sixth and Twelfth Dynasties considered scarce or doubtful?\",\"answer\":\"The chapter states that archaeological evidence is scarce and of doubtful value, and that Egyptian kings are largely not mentioned in relevant hieroglyphic inscriptions.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the chapter describe the improvement during the Tenth Dynasty?\",\"answer\":\"It explains that Achthoes III helped the nomarchs of the Delta to free the eastern province of invaders and strengthened frontier defenses, with conifers imported again via routes through the Western Delta ports.\"}]","SYRIA AND PALESTINE - CHAPTER XXI - In the Heracleopolitan Period and the Eleventh Dynasty | PDF",1790712679,123]