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This scoping review synthesizes 55 SCMC-based telecollaboration projects conducted in university foreign-language classes to describe typical participant arrangements, project set-ups, and interaction patterns. It also traces how SCMC-based telecollaboration has evolved over two decades, identifying six common arrangement types and highlighting a shift toward reconceptualization driven by expanding technologies and participant diversity, followed by reporting recommendations.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/synthesizing-the-practice-of-scmc-based-telecollaboration-a-scoping-review/595708/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/synthesizing-the-practice-of-scmc-based-telecollaboration-a-scoping-review/595708.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Fans","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-06","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of this scoping review?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To synthesize prior SCMC-based telecollaboration studies in order to clarify commonly used pedagogical arrangements and reveal how projects have changed over the past two decades.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which types of communication tools does the study focus on?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC) tools used in telecollaboration projects, including real-time interaction facilitated by developments in internet connectivity.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How many telecollaboration projects are synthesized, and from where?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The review synthesizes 55 distinct telecollaboration projects implemented in university foreign-language classes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},595708,1792160771,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},5909892330395,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8","calico journal (online) issn 2056–9017  \nArticle  \nSynthesizing the Practice of SCMC-based Telecollaboration: A Scoping Review  \nYuka Akiyama1 and D. Joseph Cunningham2  \nAbstract  \nTelecollaboration is a type of online learning arrangement between geographically distant participants for the development of language and intercultural competence. After two decades of research, it is an apt time to engage in a systematic review of previous studies in the form of a scoping review in order to illuminate the pedagogical practices commonly used in telecollaboration. The study synthesized 55 distinct telecollaboration projects that took place in university foreign-language classes and utilized synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC) tools to answer (1) What are the typical arrangements of SCMC-based telecollaboration (e.g., participants, project set-ups, and interaction set-ups)? and (2) How have SCMC-based telecollaboration projects changed over the last two decades? We identified six commonly adopted arrangements of SCMC-based telecollaboration. We also found that, while certain pedagogical practices in telecollaboration have matured, the field is undergoing reconceptualization and expansion with the advancement of technology and diversification of participants. We conclude the article with suggestions regarding reporting practices in telecollaboration research, thereby enabling more rigorous synthesis in the future.  \nKeywords: telecollaboration, research synthesis, scoping review, synchronous computer-mediated communication  \nAffiliations  \nGeorgetown University / Oxford Brookes University.  \n[email: ya125@georgetown.edu](email: ya125@georgetown.edu)  \nGeorgetown University, Washington, DC.  \n[email: joe.cunningham@georgetown.edu](email: joe.cunningham@georgetown.edu)  \ncalico journal vol 35.1 2018 49–76 [https://doi.org/10.1558/cj.33156](https://doi.org/10.1558/cj.33156)  \n©2017, equinox publishing   \n50 SCMC-based Telecollaboration  \nIntroduction  \nConnecting geographically distant learners of a foreign language (FL) with native speakers (NSs)/expert users of the language was somewhat impractical until the introduction of computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools into the language classroom. Telecollaboration (TC) is an approach that can facilitate such intercultural exchange online. Belz (2003) defines TC as “institutionalized, electronically mediated intercultural communication under the guidance of a linguacultural expert (i.e., a teacher) for the purposes of foreign language learning and the development of intercultural competence” (p. 2) . This type of learning arrangement has become so widely accepted that many language practitioners nowadays implement online intercultural communication using diverse project and interactional set-ups.  \nTC has utilized asynchronous CMC (ACMC) tools (e.g., email, bulletin board/online forums, blogs) and synchronous CMC (SCMC) tools (e.g., videoconferencing tools like Skype, text chat tools like MSN Messenger) . While the majority of studies on intercultural exchange projects in the 1990s investigated ACMC, recent technological developments, such as faster and more stable internet connections, enable TC participants to talk to each other in real time. Consequently, an increasing body of TC projects utilize SCMC tools solely or in conjunction with ACMC tools to maximize technological affordances. Reflecting this current change of technology use in TC projects, this study sets out to synthesize previous TC studies that utilized SCMC tools.  \nSynthesizing Telecollaboration Projects  \nSynthesis is a systematic research method that attempts to review the broadest possible coverage of research in a given area. There have been recent attempts to conduct meta-analysis and synthesis studies of CMC research, including Sauro (2011), Lin (2015), and Ziegler (2016); however, as regards the specific activities of TC, such studies are less well represented. Carney (2006) conducted a review of ","cbCaibdsysI9NtuX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibdsysI9NtuX","pdf",1031694,28,"English","# Introduction\n## Synthesizing Telecollaboration Projects\n## Method (Scoping Review)","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of this scoping review?\",\"answer\":\"To synthesize prior SCMC-based telecollaboration studies in order to clarify commonly used pedagogical arrangements and reveal how projects have changed over the past two decades.\"},{\"question\":\"Which types of communication tools does the study focus on?\",\"answer\":\"Synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC) tools used in telecollaboration projects, including real-time interaction facilitated by developments in internet connectivity.\"},{\"question\":\"How many telecollaboration projects are synthesized, and from where?\",\"answer\":\"The review synthesizes 55 distinct telecollaboration projects implemented in university foreign-language classes.\"}]","Synthesizing the Practice of SCMC-based Telecollaboration: A Scoping Review | PDF",1792081713,71]