[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-35904":3,"doc-seo-35904":29},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},35904,687197207057,"Sage","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0",8,"Research & Report","Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide from Residual Biomass","Graphene oxide (GO), widely used across electronics, environmental protection, and biomedical applications, is typically produced from graphite. This study synthesizes GO from carbon-rich residual biomass—spent tea leaves and coffee waste—processed by dilute HCl cleaning, NaOH activation, and pyrolysis at a moderate temperature. Highly porous GO nanomaterials are produced using a modified Hummer’s method. FTIR, Raman, SEM, and XRD characterize oxygen functional group removal, oxidation extent, porous graphene layer morphologies, and amorphous structure, with properties comparable to graphite-derived GO, supporting biomass as a viable environmentally friendly feedstock.","","cbCaifOi84fwPuz7","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifOi84fwPuz7","pdf",360918,1,4,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"Why study graphene oxide and what is its typical production source?\",\"answer\":\"Graphene oxide is used in electronics, environmental protection, and biomedical applications. It is mainly produced from commercially available graphite powder.\"},{\"question\":\"What biomass residues were used to synthesize graphene oxide in this work?\",\"answer\":\"Spent tea leaves and coffee waste were selected as readily available carbon-rich biomass residues.\"},{\"question\":\"How were the biomass residues pre-treated and how was GO synthesized?\",\"answer\":\"The residues were treated with dilute HCl to remove impurities, then soaked in NaOH to activate their carbon. The activated biomass was pyrolyzed at a moderate temperature and used in a modified Hummer’s method to synthesize porous GO.\"}]",1782681125,10,null]