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Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy with lymph node dissection was performed, and postoperative pathology identified primary follicular lymphoma rather than metastatic disease. The case highlights surgical value for distinguishing metastasis from a second primary malignancy in isolated para-aortic node 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cancers involving cervical cancer and follicular lymphoma: A case report  \nSHIYUE LIU 1* , HANYU2* , HONG LI3 , YOUHONG DONG 1 and DONGDONG ZHANG 1  \n1Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China; 2  \nDepartment of Pathology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China; 3Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China  \nReceived September 22, 2024; Accepted January 15, 2025  \nDOI: 10. 3892/ol.2025.14930  \nAbstract. Multiple primary cancers refers to the occurrence of two or more histologically distinct tumor types, either simul‑ taneously or sequentially. The present report describes a rare case of a 46‑year‑old female patient simultaneously diagnosed with cervical cancer and low‑grade follicular lymphoma (FL) . The patient presented with vaginal bleeding and a subsequent cervical biopsy confirmed cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Imaging examinations indicated suspicious para‑aortic lymph node metastasis, leading to a laparoscopic radical hysterectomy with lymph node dissection. Postoperative histopathological examination revealed cervical squamous cell carcinoma . However, para‑aortic lymph node metastasis was not observed and instead, primary FL was detected. The current case underscores the importance of surgical intervention in cases where cervical cancer presents with isolated para‑aortic lymph node enlargement, as it is essential for distinguishing between lymph node metastasis and the presence of a second primary tumor.  \nIntroduction  \nThe incidence of multiple primary cancers (MPC) is rising in the general population (1) and accounts for 2‑17% of all cancer  \nCorrespondence to: Dr Youhong Dong or Dr Dongdong Zhang, Department of Oncology, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 15 Jiefang Road, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China  \nE‑mail: [dongyouhong2005@163.com](dongyouhong2005@163.com)  \nE‑mail: [zhangdongdong@whu.edu.cn](zhangdongdong@whu.edu.cn)  \n*Contributed equally  \nAbbreviations: MPC, multiple primary cancers; FL, follicular lymphoma; HPV, human papillomavirus; NCCN, National Comprehensive Cancer Network  \nKey words: MPC, cervical cancer, FL, isolated para‑aortic lymph node enlargement  \ncases (2,3) . The pathogenesis of MPC is complex and multi‑ factorial. The pathogenesis involves genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, lifestyle factors, immune system abnormalities and treatment‑related side effects (4) . Due to the rarity and complexity of MPC, available data and literature are limited, leading to a lack of unified guidelines and consensus on its diagnosis and treatment. Accurate histopathological classification and staging of MPC are crucial, as they provide the foundation for individualized treatment strategies tailored to each tumor type (5) . This approach helps address the chal‑ lenges posed by MPC and improves treatment outcomes and quality of life of patients.  \nCervical cancer is one of the most prevalent malignan‑ cies of the female reproductive system, and the incidence of synchronous double primary malignancies in patients with cervical cancer is relatively low (6) . According to the litera‑ ture, cervical cancer may coexist with various other cancer types, including endometrial, ovarian, breast, colorectal and lung cancer (6‑8) . However, the simultaneous occurrence of primary lymphoma in patients with cervical cancer is exceed‑ ingly rare. The present report aims to highlight a rare case involving a 46‑year‑old female patient diagnosed with dual primary malignancies: Cervical cancer and FL. The specific objective of this case report is to address the diagnostic chal‑ lenges and clinical significance encountered when evaluating cervical cancer patients with isolated para‑","cbCailBdL5GeSuEL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailBdL5GeSuEL","pdf",4049091,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Case report","[{\"question\":\"What does multiple primary cancers mean in this report?\",\"answer\":\"Multiple primary cancers refers to two or more histologically distinct tumor types that occur either simultaneously or sequentially.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the patient’s cervical cancer diagnosed?\",\"answer\":\"Vaginal bleeding prompted cervical biopsy, which confirmed cervical squamous cell carcinoma.\"},{\"question\":\"Why was surgery important when para-aortic lymph node enlargement was present?\",\"answer\":\"Surgical intervention helped distinguish para-aortic lymph node metastasis from the presence of a second primary tumor, which directly affects treatment decisions and outcomes.\"}]","Synchronous multiple primary cancers involving cervical cancer and follicular lymphoma - A case report | PDF",1790201254]