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This meta-analysis synthesized cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood exosomal synaptic biomarker evidence distinguishing AD patients from healthy controls (HCs). Original peer-reviewed studies reporting concentrations of multiple synaptic proteins, including SNAP-25 and GAP-43, were pooled using a random-effects model to estimate standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals and heterogeneity (I2).",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/synaptic-biomarkers-in-alzheimers-dementia-a-meta-analysis-poster-presentation/456215/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/synaptic-biomarkers-in-alzheimers-dementia-a-meta-analysis-poster-presentation/456215.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jasmine","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-04","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the main objective of the meta-analysis?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To meta-analyze synaptic biomarkers related to synaptopathy in Alzheimer’s dementia using cerebrospinal fluid and blood exosomal measures, comparing AD patients with healthy controls.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Which biomarker types were included in the analysis?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Biomarkers included synaptic proteins measured in CSF and in blood exosomes, such as SNAP-25, GAP-43, NPTXR, NPTX-1, NPTX-2, complexin-2, syntaxins, and VAMP-2.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What were the overall findings for biomarker changes in AD?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Several CSF synaptic biomarkers were significantly elevated or decreased in AD versus HCs, and in blood exosomes SNAP-25 and GAP-43 concentrations were decreased in AD.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},456215,1791093785,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":14,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":24},2336478487870,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","DOI: 10. 1002/alz70856_105493  \nBIOMARKERS  \nPOSTER PRESENTATION  \nBIOMARKERS (NON-NEUROIMAGING)  \nSynaptic Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Dementia: A Meta-Analysis  \nAmish Gaur1, 2  Jinghan Jenny Chen2  Melissa Wong2  Yejin Kang2   \nDanielle Tahoulas3  Damien Gallagher2, 4  Nathan Herrmann2, 3  Krista L Lanctôt2, 3  \n1 University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada  \n2Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada  \n3 University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada  \n4 Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada  \nCorrespondence  \nAmish Gaur, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.  \nEmail: [agaur061@uottawa.ca](agaur061@uottawa.ca)  \nAbstract  \nBackground: Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive decline. Synaptopathy—defined as loss and dysfunction of existing synapses—is a hallmark pathological feature of AD and can directly contribute to underlying cognitive deficits. In this study, we meta-analyzed several cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood exosomal biomarkers associated with synaptopathy inAD and healthy controls (HCs).  \nMethod: Original peer-reviewed articles that reported synaptic biomarker concentrations in CSF or blood exosomes were reviewed. Specifically, synaptosome associated protein-25 (SNAP-25), growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43), neuronalpentraxin receptor (NPTXR), neuronal pentraxin-1 (NPTX-1), neuronal pentraxin-2 (NPTX-2), complexin-2, syntaxin-1B, syntaxin-7, and vesicle-associated membrane protein-2 (VAMP-2) in AD and HCs were included for meta-analysis. A randomeffects model was used to determine standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was quantified using I2.  \nResult: The meta-analysis included 43 study cohorts. In CSF, concentrations of SNAP- 25 (NAD/NHC = 394/539, SMD [95% CI] = 1.08 [0.73, 1.42], p \u003C 0.001; I2 = 81.43%), GAP-43(NAD/NHC = 851/557, SMD[95%C] = 1.02[0.69,1.34], p \u003C 0.001;I2 = 83. 97%), and VAMP-2 (NAD/NHC = 398/490, SMD [95% CI] = 0.32 [0.05, 0.60], p = 0.02; I2 = 64. 91%) were elevated, and NPTXR (NAD/NHC = 575/470, SMD [95% CI] = -0.68 [-0. 96, -0.40], p \u003C 0.001; I2 = 75. 59%), NPTX-1 (NAD/NHC = 344/333, SMD [95% CI] = - 0.48[-0.64,-0.31], p \u003C 0.001;I2 = 9.05%), and NPTX-2(NAD/NHC = 462/496, SMD[95% CI] = -0. 78 [-1.02, -0. 54], p \u003C 0.001; I2 = 66.43%) were decreased in AD compared to HCs. In blood exosomes, SNAP-25 (NAD/NHC = 161/159, SMD [95% CI] = -1.05 [-1.28,-0.82], p \u003C 0.001; I2 = 0%) and GAP-43 (NAD/NHC = 110/110, SMD [95% CI] = -1.66 [-2.43, -0.88], p \u003C 0.001; I2 = 77%) concentrations were decreased in AD.  \nConclusion: This study found that several synaptic biomarkers were significantly altered inADin CSFand blood exosomes. There was significant heterogeneity formost  \nThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.  \n© 2025 The Alzheimer’s Association. Alzheimer’s & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer’s Association.  \nAlzheimer’s Dement. 2025;21(Suppl. 2):e105493.  \n[https://doi.org/10.1002/alz70856_105493](https://doi.org/10.1002/alz70856_105493)  \nwi[leyonlinelibrary.com/journal/alz](leyonlinelibrary.com/journal/alz)  \n1of2  \ncomparisons (with the exception of CSF NPTX-1 and blood exosome SNAP-25) that remains to be explored. Nonetheless, further review of the identified biomarkers may provide fundamental insight into AD pathophysiology and disease trajectory.","cbCaikXf6iXxgOqj","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaikXf6iXxgOqj","pdf",93394,"English","# Background\n# Method\n# Result\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"What was the main objective of the meta-analysis?\",\"answer\":\"To meta-analyze synaptic biomarkers related to synaptopathy in Alzheimer’s dementia using cerebrospinal fluid and blood exosomal measures, comparing AD patients with healthy controls.\"},{\"question\":\"Which biomarker types were included in the analysis?\",\"answer\":\"Biomarkers included synaptic proteins measured in CSF and in blood exosomes, such as SNAP-25, GAP-43, NPTXR, NPTX-1, NPTX-2, complexin-2, syntaxins, and VAMP-2.\"},{\"question\":\"What were the overall findings for biomarker changes in AD?\",\"answer\":\"Several CSF synaptic biomarkers were significantly elevated or decreased in AD versus HCs, and in blood exosomes SNAP-25 and GAP-43 concentrations were decreased in AD.\"}]","Synaptic Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Dementia - A Meta-Analysis - Poster Presentation | PDF",1790745357]