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This review consolidates methods for detecting and classifying citrus pathogens, pests, and water stress from images, covering preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction and selection, plus machine learning classifiers and deep learning models.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/","Research & 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Techniques: A Review  \nP Dinesh1, Ramanathan Lakshmanan*2  \n1School of Computer Science and Engineering,  \nVellore Institute of Technology,  \nVellore, India.  \n[dinesh.p2021@vitstudent.ac.in](dinesh.p2021@vitstudent.ac.in)  \n2School of Computer Science and Engineering,  \nVellore Institute of Technology,  \nVellore, India.  \n[lramanathan@vit.ac.in](lramanathan@vit.ac.in)  \nAbstract—In Agriculture, orchards are the deciding factor in the country’s economy. There are many orchards, and citrus and sugarcane will cover 60 percent of them. These citrus orchards satisfy the necessity of citrus fruits and citrus products, and these citrus fruits contain more vitamin C. The citrus orchards have had some problems generating good yields and quality products. Pathogenic diseases, pests , and water shortages are the three main problems that plants face. Farmers can find these problems early on with the support of machine learning and deep learning, which may also change how they feel about technology. By doing this in agriculture, the farmers can cut off the major issues of yield and quality losses. This review gives enormous methods for identifying and classifying plant pathogens, pests, and water stresses using imagebased work. In this review, the researchers present detailed information about citrus pathogens, pests, and water deficits. Methods and techniques that are currently available will be used to validate the problem. These will include pre-processing for intensification, segmentation, feature extraction, and selection processes, machine learning-based classifiers, and deep learning models. In this work, researchers thoroughly examine and outline the various research opportunities in the field. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of citrus plants and orchards; Researchers used a systematic review to ensure comprehensive coverage of this topic.  \nKeywords-Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Pre-Processing intensification, Process on Segmentation, Feature Extraction, Feature Selection, Image Classification.  \nI. INTRODUCTION:  \nThe agriculture sector is a prominent sector for all countries in the world. A country's self-sufficiency relies on the availability of food production and agricultural products that meet the needs of its people. The country would face an economic crisis when its agricultural needs are unmet, thereby depleting its foreign exchange. Large-scale agriculture depends on orchards like fruits, nuts, sugarcane etc. Growing large-scale orchards has its own set of challenges, such as the susceptibility of sugarcane fields to pathogens and pests, which can greatly reduce productivity. Climate change plays a major role in agriculture because the water deficit reduces the production of agriculture and its income. Reducing the income from cultivation affects the prosperity of the nation. This research article discusses machine learning techniques and methods to detect the symptoms of pest attacks, pathogens, and water deficits using images of plants. Fruit orchards play a crucial role in the economic growth of the state. The citrus plant, known for its high vitamin C content, is extensively used in the Indian  \nsubcontinent, Arabian Peninsula, and Africa, making it among the best-finding groups of fruit plant genera. Citrus fruits have been linked to numerous health benefits and are also used as raw ingredients in the food and beverage industries to make things like jams, candies, ice cream, food items, etc. In the Indian monetary year 2020, lemons brought around 7300 crore rupees to the economy. This number was substantially greater than the gross value for the year before.  \nThe growing population demands agricultural products and food products, leading to a need for increased productivity and yield in the sector. To achieve this, agriculturists must address major flaws in food production, such as plant disease, pest and drought c","cbCailN0acymITup","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailN0acymITup","pdf",724797,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What main problems do citrus orchards face, according to the review?\",\"answer\":\"The review highlights pathogenic diseases, pests, and water shortages as the three main problems that reduce yield and product quality.\"},{\"question\":\"How can machine learning and deep learning help in this context?\",\"answer\":\"The review states that machine learning and deep learning can support early detection of diseases, pests, and water deficits from plant images, helping reduce yield and quality losses.\"},{\"question\":\"What processing and modeling steps are covered by the review?\",\"answer\":\"The review discusses preprocessing (including intensification), segmentation, feature extraction and selection, and then machine learning-based classifiers as well as deep learning models for image classification.\"}]","Symptoms Based Image Predictive Analysis for Citrus Orchards Using Machine Learning Techniques - A Review | PDF",1789643652,48]