[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-199341-en":3,"doc-seo-199341-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":27,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},199341,962085564807,"Rizky","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_6f874abed73319feea01a86fa6f0fab8",2,"Literature","Sympathy for the Devil - Desire, Creativity and Violence in Bret Easton Ellis' American Psycho","Patrick Bateman, the protagonist of Bret Easton Ellis’ American Psycho, is widely treated as a cipher because the novel provides limited character development and sympathy. The thesis argues that the concept of hell is central: Ellis constructs a new postmodern hell with devils, rooted in Dante and Sartre’s hellscapes. This hell is produced by late-capitalist control societies where marketing-driven de- and reterritorialization turns desire into commodified, unstable meaning, generating anxiety, violence, punishment, and a tragic anti-hero trajectory.","Master Thesis MA English Literature and Culture  \nHuib Boekelman  \nWord count: 16966  \nSympathy for the Devil: Desire, Creativity and Violence in Bret Easton  \nEllis’ American Psycho  \nThe author hereby acknowledges the UVA policy on plagiarism. This thesis is an original piece of writing.  \nTable of Contents  \nAbstract........................................................................................................................... 3  \nIntroduction .................................................................................................................... 4  \n1: Late-capitalism Creates Hell........................................................................................ 7  \nBono............................................................................................................................. 7  \nDefining hell ............................................................................................................... 10  \nSuperficiality .............................................................................................................. 14  \nTerritories, de-and reterritorialization........................................................................ 15  \nBrands........................................................................................................................ 17  \nMeritocracy ................................................................................................................ 20  \nEternality................................................................................................................... 26  \nHell on earth .............................................................................................................. 28  \n2: Hell Creates Devils ..................................................................................................... 30  \nBono revisited ............................................................................................................ 30  \nWhat does Patrick want?............................................................................................ 33  \nMicro-fascism ............................................................................................................. 35  \nCreativity, Violence and Punishment.......................................................................... 38  \nConfessions ................................................................................................................. 48  \nHabit.......................................................................................................................... 49  \nConclusion ..................................................................................................................... 56  \nWorks Cited ................................................................................................................... 59  \nAcknowledgments .......................................................................................................... 64  \nAbstract  \nPatrick Bateman, the protagonist of Bret Easton Ellis’ novel American Psycho, is usually regarded as a cipher, lacking in real character development and therefore difficult to sympathize with. The concept of hell is integral to the novel. This thesis posits that the references to hell are not just an effective metaphorical motif but rather that Ellis is creating a new, postmodern version of hell, including devils, in the tradition of the hellscapes of Dante and Sartre. Ellis’ hell is created by the control societies of latecapitalism where everything is commodified and made consumable. This is achieved through the mechanics of marketing that, through constant de-and reterritorialization channel desire to create a world where meaning is in constant flux. This process is driven by late-capitalism’s driving principles of conformity (fitting in) and competition (standing out) and in American Psycho these combine to create an environment of constant anx","cbCaicCHCfyRasyL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicCHCfyRasyL","pdf",363264,1,64,"English","en",105,"# Table of Contents\n## Abstract\n## Introduction\n## 1: Late-capitalism Creates Hell\n### Bono\n### Defining hell\n### Superficiality\n### Territories, de-and reterritorialization\n### Brands\n### Meritocracy\n### Eternality\n### Hell on earth\n## 2: Hell Creates Devils\n### Bono revisited\n### What does Patrick want?\n### Micro-fascism\n### Creativity, Violence and Punishment\n### Confessions\n### Habit\n## Conclusion\n## Works Cited\n## Acknowledgments","[{\"question\":\"How does the thesis define the role of “hell” in American Psycho?\",\"answer\":\"The thesis argues that hell is not only a metaphorical motif but a postmodern version built by Ellis, including devils in the tradition of Dante and Sartre.\"},{\"question\":\"What late-capitalist mechanisms produce the novel’s version of hell?\",\"answer\":\"Control societies of late capitalism commodify everything, with marketing and constant de- and reterritorialization channeling desire into unstable, consumable meaning.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does Patrick Bateman turn to violence, according to the thesis?\",\"answer\":\"Patrick seeks to avoid disintegration caused by conflicting desires, but violence is also absorbed into late-capitalist mechanics, leading him—through habit—into a devil who both punishes and is punished.\"}]","Sympathy for the Devil - 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