[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-655306-105":59,"doc-detail-655306-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":123,"head_meta":125,"extra_data":127,"updated_unix":129},105,"en","switchboard-wiring-substation-and-metering","Switchboard Wiring - Substation and Metering","","Switchboard wiring and metering principles cover single-phase and three-phase watt-hour meter operation, including electromagnetic action, connection concepts, and how meter indications relate to demand assessment. The text explains delay periods built into meters, maximum demand indicator behavior, and how alternative wiring arrangements support different supply authority requirements. It further describes tariff configurations (single-meter and multi-meter, two-part and special-rate cases), connection practices for control and protection, and requirements for mixed single-phase/three-phase loads and polyphase metering.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/switchboard-wiring-substation-and-metering/655306/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/switchboard-wiring-substation-and-metering/655306.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Cipher","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-25",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"How does the maximum demand indicator work in the meter system?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The meter indication is treated as the mean demand over the previous thirty minutes, and if the friction-held pointer is exceeded it moves up the scale. When demand assessment is required, it is determined using a separate maximum demand indicator (MDI) with two pointers, one moving and one friction-held.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"Why does the meter include a built-in delay period?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"A delay of thirty minutes is included to prevent transient or short-term loads from affecting the displayed indication. The indicated demand represents the mean demand of the previous thirty minutes.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What wiring and metering approach is used for balanced three-phase loads?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"For a balanced three-phase load, the reading of a single-phase meter in one phase is multiplied by three, which is why some authorities term it a k3 or M3 meter. This approach applies where unbalanced conditions are not possible, such as certain farm motor installations.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},655306,1792960710,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":144},687208528416,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","AL WIRING VOL.TWo  \nshown in Figure  \nin Figure 17.3(d).  \npower and time and  \nnit of energy is the  \nt-hours =kilowatts  \nenergy units on itss caused to rotate atower supplied.Them gear meshed intol operate the dials orgrating power withy used.Refer to the  \n# 7.2.\n\nmatic sketch of the  \nctions for a single-  \nmeter operates on a  \ne split-phase,single-  \ntion is due to the  \nr disc by two mag-  \nspace and time.The  \nge coil,consisting of  \nnich energises a mag-  \nsmall air gap.The  \ntive,and the current  \nuced lags the supply  \nth the load compris-ly thick wire with anhe inductance of the  \nARIFFS AND METERING 17  \n125LineLoad  \n(c)(a)  \nLoad  \nLine(b)(d)  \nFig.17.4 Single phase watt-hour meter electromagnet and connectionS  \nThere is usually a delay period of thirty mutes built into the meter to prevent transientshort-term loads affecting the indication,the indcated demand being the mean demand of the previous thirty minutes.If this mean demadexceeded the demand as shown by the frictieeheld pointer,it would be pushed further up sato show the inereased demand.The friction belLu the meter rae  \ndemand is used,the assessment is determined bythe indication of a separate maximum demandindicator(MDI).The indicator has two pointers,one of which is operated by the meter movementand which indicates demand of the installation atany given time,and one which is friction-held inposition and pushed up the scale by the movingpointer.This arrangement causes the friction-heldpointer to be finally left in the position of maxi.  \nposition and pushed up tne suan …  \nyaieLO snowthe increased demand.The friction-heldpointer is usually reset to zero by the meter readereach quarter.  \npointer.This arrangement causes the friction-heldpointer to be finally left in the position of maxi-mum indication of the moving pointer,thusindicating maximum demand of the installation.  \nas      a  \nonly  \nadditi  \nMeteri  \nSubsta  \nare ba  \nconnec  \nmanuf:  \nensures  \nPhase A,B.Cmagre  \nelements aroundd  \nstandar  \nsupply  \nvice ar  \norities,  \nconnect  \nquires  \nmeterin  \nFigu  \ndifferen  \nduced  \nshould  \nhoweve  \nrather  \narrange  \nB Load  \nPLAN  \nFigt  \nmeter  \npower  \nmain sw  \nFig.17.5 Three phase meter principle  \n(a)  \nFig.17.7 Single-meter tarif arrangement for general light and power supply  \nconirols and fuses  \nFig.17.8(a)Single phase thre0-part tariff(b)Metering ofa three-phase balance load using onesingle phase meter  \nConsumer's mains  \nFig.17.9 Simple two-meter(two-part)tariff  \nby the service fuses,which are usually installedeither on the main switchboard protecting themetering and auxiliary equipment only,or at thepoint of attachment,in which case the consumer'smains will also be protected.Sometimes they areinstalled at the street pole,providing protectionfor service lines in addition to consumer's mains,metering and auxiliary equipment.The system isillustrated in Figure 17.9.  \nNote the alternative connection arrangements.The methods employed depend upon the supplyauthority's requirements.Figures 17.8(a)and(b)show soldered joints at common connections.Notmany supply authorities use this system,themajority prefer links which provide ready meansfor testing and for alterations or additions.  \nFigure 17.8(b)illustrates control and meteringto a small three-phase installation on single-rategeneral tariff with a special rate for the balancedthree-phase motor load.  \nFor a mixed single-phase and three-phase loacor a high-demand single-phase load balanced oveithree phases,a polyphase meter or three singlephase meters are required.  \nWhen assessing the energy used by the motorload,the reading of the single-phase meter,con-nected in one phase,is multiplied by three.Thisis why the meter is often termed a k3 or M3meter,This method for metering a balancedthree-phase load is utilised by some authorities forthe type of installation in which there is no possi-bility of unbalanced conditions,e.g.farm motorsin rural areas.  \nIn the previous examples,the main swi","cbCaifItv0QZeXK4","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifItv0QZeXK4","pdf",7772370,26,"English","# 7.2.\n## 17.4 Single phase watt-hour meter\n## Demand indication and maximum demand indicator\n## 17.5 Three phase meter principle\n## Tariff arrangements and meter connections\n## Polyphase and multi-occupancy building metering","[{\"question\":\"How does the maximum demand indicator work in the meter system?\",\"answer\":\"The meter indication is treated as the mean demand over the previous thirty minutes, and if the friction-held pointer is exceeded it moves up the scale. When demand assessment is required, it is determined using a separate maximum demand indicator (MDI) with two pointers, one moving and one friction-held.\"},{\"question\":\"Why does the meter include a built-in delay period?\",\"answer\":\"A delay of thirty minutes is included to prevent transient or short-term loads from affecting the displayed indication. The indicated demand represents the mean demand of the previous thirty minutes.\"},{\"question\":\"What wiring and metering approach is used for balanced three-phase loads?\",\"answer\":\"For a balanced three-phase load, the reading of a single-phase meter in one phase is multiplied by three, which is why some authorities term it a k3 or M3 meter. This approach applies where unbalanced conditions are not possible, such as certain farm motor installations.\"}]","Switchboard Wiring - Substation and Metering | PDF",66]