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This study evaluates whether swimming exercise can modulate apoptosis and the miR-23a–dependent mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics pathways in rat heart tissue after DOX exposure. Thirty-two male Wistar desert rats received control, DOX, swimming exercise, or DOX-plus-swimming training; cardiac apoptosis and mitochondrial-related proteins and miR-23a were assessed using western blot and real-time PCR. DOX reduced PGC-1α and DRP-1 proteins and increased caspase 3 and cytochrome C, while exercise mitigated these effects.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":35,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/swimming-exercise-attenuates-dox-induced-cardiotoxicity-by-modulating-apoptosis-and-drp1pgc1mir-23a-dependent-pathway-in-rat-heart-tissue-abstract/456533/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/swimming-exercise-attenuates-dox-induced-cardiotoxicity-by-modulating-apoptosis-and-drp1pgc1mir-23a-dependent-pathway-in-rat-heart-tissue-abstract/456533.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"nayy☆","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-09-30",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What problem does the study address about doxorubicin (DOX)?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"DOX is effective for cancer chemotherapy but causes cardiotoxicity that limits its clinical use. The study focuses on molecular mechanisms in rat heart tissue affected by DOX.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was swimming exercise administered in the experimental design?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Rats were divided into control, DOX, swimming exercise, and DOX-plus-swimming groups. Swimming exercise consisted of water exercise for 60 minutes per day, five days per week, for six weeks.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What molecular changes were observed after DOX treatment, and how did exercise affect them?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"DOX decreased cardiac PGC-1α and DRP-1 protein expression and increased apoptotic markers caspase 3 and cytochrome C. Swimming exercise increased PGC-1α and DRP-1 while reducing apoptotic protein expression in the DOX-treated group, and attenuated DOX-related reduction of miR-23a expression.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},456533,1790815932,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":34,"category_name":35,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":46,"preview_page_count":4},962090893153,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_9964176cb1d06d4a9deccf72a44ae3dc","Swimming Exercise Attenuates DOX-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Modulating Apoptosis and DRP1/PGC1α/miR-23a Dependent Pathway in Rat Heart Tissue  \nHassan Darvakh 1, Saied Shakerian 2􀀍, Rohollah Ranjbar 2 and Mohammad reza Tabandeh 3  \n1. Shohadayehoveizeh Campus of Technology, Shahid Chamran University ofAhvaz, Dashteazadegan, Iran  \n2. Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran  \n3. Department of Basic, Science, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University ofAhvaz, Ahvaz, Iran  \n* Corresponding author:  \nSaied Shakerian, Ph.D., Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran  \nTel: +98 9163143363  \nE-mail: [s.shakeryan@scu.ac.ir](s.shakeryan@scu.ac.ir)[ ](s.shakeryan@scu.ac.ir)[Received:](Received: 10 May 2025)[ 10 May 2025](Received: 10 May 2025)  \n[Accepted](Accepted: 9 Jun 2025)[: 9 Jun 2025](Accepted: 9 Jun 2025)  \nAbstract  \nBackground: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used drug in cancer chemotherapy, but its cardiotoxicity limits its clinical applications. Combining exercise with chemotherapy offers a promising approach to mitigate the side effects of chemotherapy drugs. Limited information is available on the effects of swimming exercise on the molecular mechanisms related to DOX cardiotoxicity. This study aims to investigate the modulatory effect of swimming exercise on the apoptosis and miR-23a-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics pathways in rat heart tissue treated with DOX.  \nMethods: In this experimental study, thirty-two adult male Wistar desert rats (200-220 g) were randomly divided into four groups, including control, Doxorubicin (DOX; intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg of DOX, once a week, for five weeks), swimming exercise (SE; water exercise for 60 min/day, five days a week, for six weeks) and DOX group along with Swimming Exercise (DOX-SE) . At the end of the study, the cardiac expression of proteins related to apoptosis and mitochondrial biogenesis and mir23-a were analyzed using western blot and real-time PCR methods, respectively. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)with Tukey's post hoc test was used to analyze the data. Results: These findings revealed that DOX administration led to a significant decrease in the cardiac expression of PGC-1α and DRP-1 proteins and an increase in apoptotic proteins (caspase 3 and cytochrome C) compared to the control group (p\u003C0.0001) . Swimming exercise resulted in a significant increase expression in cardiac tissue of PGC-1α and DRP-1 proteins and a decrease in the expression of apoptotic proteins in the DOX-treated group (p\u003C0.0001, p\u003C0.01) . Compared to the control group, the protein levels in the heart of the miR-23a were significantly increased in the DOX-treated group (p\u003C0.001) . However, exercise training attenuated the DOX-induced reduction in miR- 23a expression gene in the cardiac muscle of DOX-treated mice (p\u003C0.05) .  \nConclusion: These findings suggest that swimming exercise may protect against DOXinduced cardiotoxicity by regulating apoptosis and DRP1/PGC1α/ miR-23a pathway. This highlights exercise as a potential non-pharmacological strategy to mitigate chemotherapy-related heart damage.  \nKeywords: Apoptosis, Cardiotoxicity, Doxorubicin, Swimming  \nTo cite this article: Darvakh H, Shakerian S, Ranjbar R, Tabandeh Mr. Swimming Exercise Attenuates DOX-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Modulating Apoptosis and DRP1/PGC1α/miR-23a Dependent Pathway in Rat Heart Tissue. Avicenna J Med Biotech 2025;17(3):225-232.  \nIntroduction  \nDoxorubicin (DOX) belongs to the family of anthracyclines, which is used in the treatment of a wide range of malignancies. Cardiotoxicity is one the most important side effects of DOX, which poses a significant challenge in the successful use of this drug for  \ncancer treatment 1. Cardiac side effects of DOX occur through various mechanisms, including changes ","cbCaifejhSiJXTBb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifejhSiJXTBb","pdf",626965,"English","# Abstract\n## Background\n## Methods\n## Results\n## Conclusion\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the study address about doxorubicin (DOX)?\",\"answer\":\"DOX is effective for cancer chemotherapy but causes cardiotoxicity that limits its clinical use. The study focuses on molecular mechanisms in rat heart tissue affected by DOX.\"},{\"question\":\"How was swimming exercise administered in the experimental design?\",\"answer\":\"Rats were divided into control, DOX, swimming exercise, and DOX-plus-swimming groups. Swimming exercise consisted of water exercise for 60 minutes per day, five days per week, for six weeks.\"},{\"question\":\"What molecular changes were observed after DOX treatment, and how did exercise affect them?\",\"answer\":\"DOX decreased cardiac PGC-1α and DRP-1 protein expression and increased apoptotic markers caspase 3 and cytochrome C. Swimming exercise increased PGC-1α and DRP-1 while reducing apoptotic protein expression in the DOX-treated group, and attenuated DOX-related reduction of miR-23a expression.\"}]","Swimming Exercise Attenuates DOX-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Modulating Apoptosis and DRP1/PGC1α/miR-23a Dependent Pathway in Rat Heart Tissue - Abstract | PDF",1790746332]