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Traces historical development, reviews research literature, and analyzes typical practice cases in universities. Findings show shared goals expressed through three dimensions—philosophy, educational content, and cultivation mode—driving reforms such as general education courses, extracurricular suzhi activities, and changes to talent cultivation models. Clarifies localized connotations and outlines overall reform directions.",{"@graph":69,"@context":126},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/suzhi-education-and-general-education-in-china-vol-3-issue-2/601108/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/suzhi-education-and-general-education-in-china-vol-3-issue-2/601108.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"LangkahRina","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-04","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":34},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118,122],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the main purpose of the article?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To review the concepts of suzhi education and general education and how they are practiced in China’s universities.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How does the study analyze suzhi education and general education?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It is based on historical developments, research literature, and typical practice cases.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What does the article identify as consistent goals between suzhi education and general education?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"They share consistent goals and can be understood in three aspects: philosophy, education content, and cultivation mode.",{"name":123,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":124},"What major university practices does the article link to suzhi education and general education reforms?",{"text":125,"@type":113},"General education courses, extracurricular suzhi education activities, and reforms to talent cultivation modes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":128,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":130,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":132,"site_id":62},601108,1792209132,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":135},{"doc_id":132,"user_id":136,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":137,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":138,"file_id":139,"file_url":140,"file_type":141,"file_size":142,"view_count":34,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":143,"language":144,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":145,"faqs":146,"seo_title":147,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":148,"read_time":36},962090893776,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d","Suzhi Education and General Education in China  \nECNU Review of Education 2020, Vol. 3(2) 380–395 ª The Author(s) 2020 Article reuse guidelines:  \n[sagepub.com/journals-permissions](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[ ](sagepub.com/journals-permissions)[DOI: 10.1177/2096531120913171](DOI: 10.1177/2096531120913171)[ ](DOI: 10.1177/2096531120913171)[journals.sagepub.com/home/roe](journals.sagepub.com/home/roe)  \nHaishao Pang, Meiling Cheng, Jing Yu and Jingjing Wu  \nBeijing Institute of Technology  \nAbstract  \nPurpose: Since the 1980s, suzhi has become a core word in contemporary China. Suzhi education as an education philosophy full of Chinese characteristics has been well known in China for generations. Particularly since 1995, culture-oriented quality education as an anchor and starting point of suzhi education implementation in universities, which integrates with general education and liberal education from Western concepts, triggered great changes in Chinese universities. This article aims to review the concepts of suzhi education, general education, and their practice in China. Design/Approach/Methods: This study is based on historical developments of suzhi education and general education, research literature, and some typical practice cases.  \nFindings: The analysis finds that suzhi education and general education have consistent goals. Their connotations in China can be understood in three aspects: philosophy, education content, and cultivation mode. They caused three great practices in universities, including general education courses, extracurricular suzhi education activities, and reforms on talent cultivation modes. Originality/Value: This article clarifies the localized understanding of suzhi education and general education in three aspects and outlines the overall reforms around suzhi education and general education in Chinese higher education.  \nKeywords  \nChinese higher education, general education, general education courses, suzhi education Date received: 31 December 2019; accepted: 24 February 2020  \nCorresponding author:  \nJing Yu, School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Civil and Engineering Architecture, Room 113, School Building E, No. 15, Yongyuan Road, Huangcun Town, Daxing District, Beijing, China.  \nEmail: [yujing@bucea.edu.cn](yujing@bucea.edu.cn)  \nCreative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative  \nCommons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ([https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ([https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage](https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage)).  \nThere are many related or similar concepts to general education in China. Some of them are very locally created, such as suzhi education, culture-oriented quality education, whole-person education, and all-round education, while others are borrowed from English terms, such as general education, liberal education, and so on. When the borrowed English terms were translated into Chinese, there were different Chinese characters owing to each individual translator ’s understandings, so suzhi education and general education are interpreted into different opinions; therefore, some of them are very easy to be confusing. This article clarifies suzhi education connotation of Chinese characteristics and the proper understanding of General education in Chinese universities.  \nThe concept of suzhi education in China  \nSuzhi and suzhi education have gradually been known to educators as a core term all over China. The word suzhi is a Chinese concept full of connotations, which is difficult to define in one English word. It was ever expounded by many Chinese scholars, such as Zhou (2000), Pan (1997)","cbCaihmRN0p2ueD5","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihmRN0p2ueD5","pdf",317723,16,"English","# Abstract\n## Purpose\n## Design/Approach/Methods\n## Findings\n## Originality/Value\n# The concept of suzhi education in China\n# Suzhi and suzhi education","[{\"question\":\"What is the main purpose of the article?\",\"answer\":\"To review the concepts of suzhi education and general education and how they are practiced in China’s universities.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the study analyze suzhi education and general education?\",\"answer\":\"It is based on historical developments, research literature, and typical practice cases.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the article identify as consistent goals between suzhi education and general education?\",\"answer\":\"They share consistent goals and can be understood in three aspects: philosophy, education content, and cultivation mode.\"},{\"question\":\"What major university practices does the article link to suzhi education and general education reforms?\",\"answer\":\"General education courses, extracurricular suzhi education activities, and reforms to talent cultivation modes.\"}]","Suzhi Education and General Education in China - Vol. 3 - Issue 2 | PDF",1792091995]