[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-85485-en":3,"doc-seo-85485-105":29,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":90},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":20,"is_downloadable":20,"audit_status":20,"page_count":21,"language":22,"language_code":23,"site_id":24,"html_lang":23,"table_of_contents":25,"faqs":26,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":27,"read_time":28},85485,962075006959,"Anda","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/e0002397efbe92a78e?_k=1776741047341049297",8,"Research & Report","Survivors in Science: A Comprehensive Analysis of Gender Disparities","Study of “survivors in science” followed 41,424 scientists who began publishing in 2000 and continued through 2020–2023, producing 2,089,097 articles with 73,118,395 cited references across 38 OECD countries. Using raw Scopus data, researchers examined gender disparities in publishing intensity, international collaboration, journal selection, productivity, citations, team formation, and publishing breaks in 16 STEMM and social science disciplines. Results show only one gender gap—publication productivity—while collaboration, journal prestige, citation counts, and team formation show no gender disparity in this highly successful sample.","1  \nSurvivors in Science:  \nA Comprehensive Analysis of Gender Disparities  \nMarek Kwiek  \nCenter for Public Policy Studies (CPPS), Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland [kwiekm@amu.edu.pl](kwiekm@amu.edu.pl), ORCID: [orcid.org/0000-0001-7953-1063](orcid.org/0000-0001-7953-1063), corresponding author  \nLukasz Szymula  \nDepartment of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Adam  \nMickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland  \nORCID: [orcid.org/0000-0001-8714-096X](orcid.org/0000-0001-8714-096X)  \nAbstract  \nWe followed “survivors in science” – scientists who started publishing in 2000 and who continued publishing until 2020-2023 (N = 41,424). They authored 2 million articles (N = 2,089,097) with more than 70 million cited references (N = 73,118,395) and worked in 38 OECD countries. Our sample is a highly selective group of successful scientists: they have succeeded in persisting in science for more than two decades. Using a raw Scopus dataset, we examined gender disparities in publishing intensity, international collaboration, journal selection, productivity, citations, team formation, and publishing breaks in 16 STEMM and social science disciplines. Several author-level metrics were computed. Our data show only a single gender gap (related to publication productivity): lifetime scholarly output gap and annual productivity gap. The data do not show a gender international collaboration gap, a gender journal selection gap, a gender citation gap and a gender team formation gap for this specific sample of highly successful individuals. Men were on average 23% more productive than women cumulatively in 2000–2023 and 19% more productive in the last 5 years studied (2019–2023). Men and women published in equally prestigious journals, received the same number of citations (field-normalized), and worked in equally sized teams. In all, 80% of scientists in STEMM disciplines and 70% in the social sciences had published every year. Our data indicate interesting disciplinary differences in gender disparities.  \nKeywords: global academic career; longitudinal study, gender disparities; publication productivity; collaboration gap; citation gap  \n1. Introduction  \nScience is a long-term and large-scale undertaking, with several million scientists involved in research globally. However, many stop doing research (stop publishing research results) after 5, 10, or 15 years. Our recent study indicated that about half of all publishing scientists in the 38 OECD countries leave science within a decade, and after 19 years, only about one third of scientists are still publishing (Kwiek & Szymula, 2025a) . Attrition in academic science is very high, and it is analyzed in the literature under the “leaving science” theme (Ehrenberg et al., 1991; Kaminski & Geisler, 2012; Preston, 2004; Rosser, 2004; Smart, 1990; Spoon et al., 2023; White-Lewis et al., 2023; Xu, 2008; Zhou & Volkwein, 2024) . As Ioannidis et al.  \n2  \n(2014) showed, only a small minority ( \u003C 1%) of scientists continue publishing at least one article annually for 16 or more years. This group of about 150,000 scientists contributes significantly to global academic knowledge production with highly cited articles (being responsible for 87.1% of all papers with at least 1,000 citations in the same period) .  \nIn this study, we follow consistently productive scientists from the 2000 cohort who were still publishing in 2020-2023 (N = 41,424) and who combined to author over 2 million articles (N = 2,089,097) . We term them “survivors in science”: they are a specific subpopulation of all scientists from OECD countries whose first publication (of any type) in the Scopus dataset was dated 2000 and who work in one of 16 disciplines. We studied 13 STEMM and three social science disciplines in which publishing patterns are similar to those in STEMM: BUS Business, Management, and Accounting, ECON Economics, Econometrics, and Finance, and PSYCH Psychology.  \nWe studied gender di","cbCaihXZwpXwosuk","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihXZwpXwosuk","pdf",1926820,1,38,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"谁被纳入“survivors in science”的研究样本？\",\"answer\":\"样本为在2000年开始发表并持续到2020–2023年仍在发表的科学家，共41,424人，来自38个OECD国家。\"},{\"question\":\"研究主要分析了哪些性别差异维度？\",\"answer\":\"分析维度包括发表强度、国际合作、期刊选择、生产力、被引、团队形成以及发表中断，并在16个STEMM与社会科学学科中开展。\"},{\"question\":\"研究发现的性别差异有哪些具体结论？\",\"answer\":\"在该高度成功群体中，仅与发表生产力相关的性别差异显著：男性累积与近五年生产力均高于女性；国际合作、期刊选择、引文差距与团队形成差距未显示性别差异。\"}]",1784203949,96,{"code":4,"msg":30,"data":31},"ok",{"site_id":24,"language":23,"slug":32,"title":13,"keywords":33,"description":14,"schema_data":34,"social_meta":85,"head_meta":87,"extra_data":89,"updated_unix":27},"survivors-in-science-a-comprehensive-analysis-of-gender-disparities","",{"@graph":35,"@context":84},[36,53,67],{"@type":37,"itemListElement":38},"BreadcrumbList",[39,43,47,50],{"item":40,"name":41,"@type":42,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":44,"name":45,"@type":42,"position":46},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":42,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":42,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/survivors-in-science-a-comprehensive-analysis-of-gender-disparities/85485/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":23,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":61,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":62,"interactionStatistic":63},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":40,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-16",true,{"@type":64,"interactionType":65,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":66},"ViewAction",{"@type":68,"mainEntity":69},"FAQPage",[70,76,80],{"name":71,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":73},"谁被纳入“survivors in science”的研究样本？","Question",{"text":74,"@type":75},"样本为在2000年开始发表并持续到2020–2023年仍在发表的科学家，共41,424人，来自38个OECD国家。","Answer",{"name":77,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":78},"研究主要分析了哪些性别差异维度？",{"text":79,"@type":75},"分析维度包括发表强度、国际合作、期刊选择、生产力、被引、团队形成以及发表中断，并在16个STEMM与社会科学学科中开展。",{"name":81,"@type":72,"acceptedAnswer":82},"研究发现的性别差异有哪些具体结论？",{"text":83,"@type":75},"在该高度成功群体中，仅与发表生产力相关的性别差异显著：男性累积与近五年生产力均高于女性；国际合作、期刊选择、引文差距与团队形成差距未显示性别差异。","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":86,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":88,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":24},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":91},[92,96,100,104,109,114,119,122,127,130,134],{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":97,"show_sort_weight":98,"slug":99},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":101,"show_sort_weight":102,"slug":103},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":105,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":106,"show_sort_weight":107,"slug":108},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":110,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":111,"show_sort_weight":112,"slug":113},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":115,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":116,"show_sort_weight":117,"slug":118},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":120,"slug":121},30,"research-report",{"id":123,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":126},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":125,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":125,"slug":129},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":131,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":132,"show_sort_weight":131,"slug":133},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":135,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":45,"category_name":136,"show_sort_weight":105,"slug":137},19,"General","general"]