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 \nShelter  \n5  \n30  \nRainfall explained6Staying well in  \nthe desert31  \nMirages9  \nEquipment10Finding food in  \nClothingthe desert3412  \nColour in hotDesert survivalclimates13stories37  \nDesert plants14Dust and  \nsandstorms42  \nDesert animals18  \nDesert at night44  \nDesert people22  \nDesert cities24  \n## WHAT IS A DESERT?\n\nAlmost one third of the world's surface is desert.Most peoplethink of deserts as hot places with little shade,but temperaturesvary widely,with extreme cold and high winds at night.Livingconditions can be extremely difficult.There is occasional rainfallin the desert but it is only ever atiny amount,with some placesnot receiving any at all.  \n## Dry areas\n\nSome deserts have years withoutrainfall,then a period of heavy rainand flooding  \n## Polar deserts\n\nLarge parts of the polar regions are considereddeserts as there is little rainfall.  \nPolar desert  \nHot desert  \n人  \nHOW IS A DESERT FORMED?  \nDeserts are formed by the natural weathering of rocks.Rocksare heated in the daytime and cooled rapidly again at night.Thisprocess weakens the rocks and over time causes them to breakup into smaller pieces,making sand.  \n## Effects of rain\n\nRainfall in deserts is usually very low,butoccasionally there are sudden,heavy downpoursthat can cause flooding.These flash floods fallingon hot rocks can make them shatter.The wind thenpicks up the small pieces of rock,sand,and dustand bashes them against other rocks.Over time,rocks are worn away and reduced to sand.  \n## Desert pavements\n\nA desert pavement is a patch of desert groundmade up of rocks and stones.This is createdwhen the wind blows away the fine dust andsand covering the rocks.  \n## BEAR SAYS\n\nMost people think of hot and sandyenvironments when they think ofdeserts,but this isn't always thecase.Antarctica is technically adesert,despite its thick layerofice,because it has suchlow rainfall.  \n## RAINFALL EXPLAINED\n\nA desert is any land area that receives less than 250 mm of  \nrainfall peryear.One of the driest places on Earth is the AtacamaDesert.The lack of rainfall makes it difficult for most plants andanimals to survive.  \n## Measuring rainfall\n\nRainfall is measured using a rain gauge-usually by ameteorologist.The instrument is left outside for a setamount of time,it might be a day,a week,or a year.Thenthe meteorologist can say how much rain has falenper year by reading off the scale.This wouldn't work ina rainy climate as the gauge would overflow.Rainfallmight have to be measured each hour in some places.  \n## Living in the desert\n\nThis graph shows that the temperatureis hottest when the desert has the leastamount of rainfall.  \nRainfall(mm)  \nTemperature(℃)  \nTemperature(C)  \nRainfal(mm)  \nMonth","cbCaipdMnQvSUcsU","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipdMnQvSUcsU","pdf",3802202,56,"English","# CONTENTS\n## What is a desert?\n## How is a desert formed?\n## Rainfall explained\n## Living in the desert","[{\"question\":\"What is a desert, and how is it defined by rainfall?\",\"answer\":\"A desert is any land area that receives less than 250 mm of rainfall per year. The lack of rainfall makes it hard for most plants and animals to survive.\"},{\"question\":\"How are deserts formed?\",\"answer\":\"Deserts are formed by the natural weathering of rocks. Daytime heating and rapid night cooling weaken rocks and break them down into smaller pieces, creating sand.\"},{\"question\":\"Why can rainfall be dangerous in deserts?\",\"answer\":\"Rainfall is usually very low, but sudden heavy downpours can cause flooding. Flash floods on hot rocks can cause them to shatter, and wind can then pick up the resulting sand and dust.\"}]","SURVIVAL SKILLS HANDB00K - Desert Tips and Tricks to Survive in the Wild | PDF",141]