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Twenty-seven patients underwent posterior procedures between January 2010 and June 2025, with radiographic parameters tracked preoperatively, postoperatively, and at final follow-up using paired and nonparametric tests. Marked improvement was observed in Cobb angle, AVT, RSH, T1 tilt and clavicle angle, while thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis remained stable. Revision was required in three cases with favorable recovery; major neurological complications were not reported.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/surgical-treatment-of-congenital-upper-thoracic-scoliosis-at-minimum-2-year-follow-up/442398/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/surgical-treatment-of-congenital-upper-thoracic-scoliosis-at-minimum-2-year-follow-up/442398.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Blitz","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-09-30","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":14},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What was the purpose of the study on congenital upper thoracic scoliosis surgery?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"To investigate clinical outcomes and related complications of surgical treatment for congenital upper thoracic scoliosis.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How many patients were included and what was the follow-up duration?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"The study included 27 patients, with a follow-up time of at minimum 2 years.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Which radiographic parameters improved after surgery and which remained stable?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"The Cobb angle improved substantially, and AVT, RSH, T1 tilt and clavicle angle significantly improved at final follow-up. TS, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis were maintained without significant differences between pre-operation and post-operation.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},442398,1790739678,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":14,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":39,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":143,"read_time":46},24464137899374,"https://us-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Zhang et al. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders (2026) 27:5  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-09364-7](https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-09364-7)  \nBMC Musculoskeletal Disorders  \nRESEARCH Open Access  \nSurgical treatment of congenital upper  thoracic scoliosis: at minimum 2-year follow  \nup  \nQi Zhang 1, Xuhong Xue 1*, Kai Li 1, Enze Ji 1, Fanhui Xi 1, Xuhao Wang 1, Fan Zhang 1 and Sheng Zhao 1  \nAbstract  \nBackground To investigate the clinical outcomes and related complications of surgery for congenital upper thoracic scoliosis .  \nMethods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 27 cases who was operated for congenital upper thoracic scoliosis from January 2010 to June 2025. There were 10 males and 17 females, with an average age of (11 .0 ± 4. 3) years (5 to 18 years) . The main radiographic parameters included: Cobb angle of the main curvature, apical vertebral translation (AVT), trunk shift (TS), radiographic shoulder height (RSH), T1 tilt, Thoracic kyphosis (TK) and lumbar lordosis (LL), which were recorded and compared before surgery, after surgery, and final follow-up. Data analysis was performed with paired T-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and the occurrence of complications in patients was recorded.  \nResults The procedures were successfully completed in all 27 patients, unilateral fixation was performed in 13 cases, while bilateral fixation was performed in 14 cases; The fused segments were (5 ± 1. 7), and the follow-up time was 49.6 months (range: 24 to 145 months) . The Cobb angle of the main curvature was improved from (42 .6 ± 12. 5)° before surgery to (14 .3 ± 8. 9)° after surgery, and was (11 .0 ± 9. 5)° at the final follow-up (P \u003C 0. 01), with a correction rate of 74 . 2% . The AVT, RSH, T1 tilt and clavicle angle improved significantly at the final follow-up (P \u003C 0. 05); while TS, Thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were maintained without significant differences between pre-operation and post-operation (P > 0. 05) . A total of 3 patients underwent revision surgery, all of them had good recovery after revision surgery.  \nConclusion Posterior surgical intervention for congenital upper thoracic scoliosis achieves favorable clinical and radiographic outcomes. The absence of major neurological complications supports its viability as a primary treatment modality for this complex deformity. Be aware of high risk of complications, especially for distal adding-on.  \nKeywords Congenital scoliosis, Upper thoracic, Hemivertebra resection, Y-shaped osteotomy, Distal adding-on  \n*Correspondence: Xuhong Xue [xuexuhong@163.com](xuexuhong@163.com)  \n1Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P. R. China  \n© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creati](http://creati)[vecommons.org/l](vecommons.org/l)icenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.  \nZhang et al. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders (2026) 27:5  \nIntroduction  \nCongenital upper thoracic scoliosis, a relatively rare form of congenital spinal curvature, manifests","cbCaiqbfoRnipikb","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaiqbfoRnipikb","pdf",1280455,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n# Materials and methods\n## Inclusion criteria\n## General data","[{\"question\":\"What was the purpose of the study on congenital upper thoracic scoliosis surgery?\",\"answer\":\"To investigate clinical outcomes and related complications of surgical treatment for congenital upper thoracic scoliosis.\"},{\"question\":\"How many patients were included and what was the follow-up duration?\",\"answer\":\"The study included 27 patients, with a follow-up time of at minimum 2 years.\"},{\"question\":\"Which radiographic parameters improved after surgery and which remained stable?\",\"answer\":\"The Cobb angle improved substantially, and AVT, RSH, T1 tilt and clavicle angle significantly improved at final follow-up. TS, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis were maintained without significant differences between pre-operation and post-operation.\"}]","Surgical treatment of congenital upper thoracic scoliosis - at minimum 2-year follow up | PDF",1790700165]