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A field experiment sowed wild rice into established para-grass quadrats with cover manipulation via clipping and herbicide. O. meridionalis failed to establish under para-grass treatments, including herbicide where para grass was killed, with buried seed bags showing suppressed germination preventing population recovery.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/suppression-of-germination-and-establishment-of-native-annual-rice-by-introduced-para-grass-on-an-australian-monsoonal-floodplain/269538/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/suppression-of-germination-and-establishment-of-native-annual-rice-by-introduced-para-grass-on-an-australian-monsoonal-floodplain/269538.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Jiven","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-11","2026-09-15",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":52},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What problem does the study address on Australian monsoonal floodplains?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study addresses how the introduced perennial para grass displaces the native annual wild rice that underpins key floodplain food webs.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How was the field experiment designed to test wild rice under para grass?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Wild rice seeds were sown into 1 m² quadrats of established para grass, and para-grass cover above the seed bed was manipulated through clipping and herbicide application.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"Why did Oryza meridionalis fail to establish under para grass treatments?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Seed retrieval showed germination was suppressed under para-grass cover, so even when para grass was killed, dormancy-breaking or germination cues were not provided.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},269538,1789453016,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":52,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":34,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":143,"preview_page_count":4},1099513958607,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/avatar/100002390cf8733938c?x-image-process=image/resize,m_fixed,w_180,h_180&k=1778829742770036399","106 Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.22(3) 2007  \nGrossmann, K. (2005). What it takes to geta herbicide’s mode of action. Physionomics, a classical approach in a new complexion. Pest Management Science 61,(5) 423-31.  \nMacDonald, R.C., Swanton, C.J. and Hall, J.C. (1994) . Basis for the selective action of fluroxypyr. Weed Research 34, 333-44. Meyer, R.E. and Bovey, R.W. (1990) . Influence of sulfonylurea and other herbicides on selected woody and herbaceous species. Weed Science 38, 249-55.  \nParsons, W.T. and Cuthbertson, E. G.(1992) .‘Noxious weeds of Australia’. p. 449-54. (Inkata Press, Melbourne) .  \nSparkes, E.C. (2003) .‘Development of herbicide control options for Prosopis velutina as part of an integrated control strategy’. Research Thesis, Master of Applied Science, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, p. 31-61.  \nSparkes, E.C. and Midmore, D.J. (2004) . Response of Prosopis velutina Woot. to aselection of aerially applied herbicides. Proceedings of the 14th Australian Weeds Conference, eds B.M. Sindel and S.B. Johnson, pp. 241-4. (Weed Society of New South Wales, Sydney) .  \nSparkes, E.C. and Midmore, D.J. (2005) . Effects of plant height and water availability on response of Quilpie mesquite (Prosopis velutina) to a selection of herbicides applied by the basal stem method. Proceedings of the 20th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, pp. 413-8. (Agriculture Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) .  \nSparkes, E.C. and Panetta, F.D. (1997) . Use of profile analysis of repeated measures in a herbicide trial on blue morning glory (Ipomea indica) (Burm., Merrill) . Plant Protection Quarterly 12, 133-7.  \nSparkes, E.C. and Panetta, F.D. (1999) . Different response of two species of Mesquite to selected herbicides. Proceedings of the 12th Australian Weeds Conference, eds A.C. Bishop, M. Boersma, and C.D. Barnes, pp. 614-7. (Tasmanian Weed Society, Hobart, Tasmania) .  \nVila-Aiub, M.M. and Ghersa, C.M. (2005) . Building up resistance by recurrently exposing target plants to sublethal doses of herbicide. European Journal of Agronomy 22,(2) 195-207.  \nvon Mueller, F. (1876) .‘Select plants readily eligible for industrial culture or naturalisation in Victoria, with indications of their native countries and some of their uses’. p. 12,(McCarron, Bird and Co., Melbourne) .  \nWilkinson, L. (1998). General linear model. In ‘Systat 8 Statistics’, p. 363. (Systat 8.0 SPSS Inc., 233 South Waker Drive, Chicago, Illinois, USA) .  \nWilkinson, L. and Coward, M. (1994) .‘Analysis of Variance II Systat for Dos: Version 6’. Using SYSTAT, Version 6 Edition. p. 307. (Systat Inc., Evanston, Illinois, USA) .  \nSuppression of germination and establishment of native annual rice by introduced para grass on an Australian monsoonal floodplain  \nP.A.S. Wurm, Tropical Savannas Cooperative Research Centre, School of Science and Primary Industries, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, [Australia. Email: penny.wurm@cdu.edu.au](Australia. Email: penny.wurm@cdu.edu.au)  \nSummary  \nThe native annual wild rice (Oryza meridionalis) underpins the vertebrate food chain on the monsoonal floodplains of northern Australia. It is being displaced by the exotic perennial para grass ( Urochloa mutica). This study reports on a field experiment, where wild rice seed was sown into 1 m2 quadrats of established para grass. Para grass cover was manipulated above the wild rice seed bed, including clipping and herbicide application. The behaviour of wild rice seed under para grass cover in this study was then compared to its behaviour under wild rice cover in a previous study.  \nOryza meridionalis plants did not establish under para grass treatments, including herbicide treatments that successfully killed para grass. Retrieval of buried bags of wild rice seeds revealed that germination was suppressed. Although 40% of seeds remained viable in the soil for more than 2.5 years, suppressed germination prevented establishment of O. meridionalis","cbCaihbqOHKHMBgR","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaihbqOHKHMBgR","pdf",82923,"English","# Summary\n# Keywords\n# Introduction","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the study address on Australian monsoonal floodplains?\",\"answer\":\"The study addresses how the introduced perennial para grass displaces the native annual wild rice that underpins key floodplain food webs.\"},{\"question\":\"How was the field experiment designed to test wild rice under para grass?\",\"answer\":\"Wild rice seeds were sown into 1 m² quadrats of established para grass, and para-grass cover above the seed bed was manipulated through clipping and herbicide application.\"},{\"question\":\"Why did Oryza meridionalis fail to establish under para grass treatments?\",\"answer\":\"Seed retrieval showed germination was suppressed under para-grass cover, so even when para grass was killed, dormancy-breaking or germination cues were not provided.\"}]","Suppression of germination and establishment of native annual rice by introduced para grass on an Australian monsoonal floodplain | PDF",18]