[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-40817-en":3,"doc-seo-40817-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},40817,1374391974468,"Eden","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0",8,"Research & Report","Sumerian Grammar Handbook of Oriental Studies Volume Seventy-One","Sumerian Grammar presents a scholarly handbook treatment of the Sumerian language within the Handbook of Oriental Studies, Section One: The Near and Middle East. The contents outline major areas including general language characteristics, the linguistic affiliation of Sumerian, reading conventions, cuneiform spelling and the evolution of orthography, as well as core phonology, syllabic structure, and grammatical categories such as parts of speech, substantives, case particles, and adjectives.","SUMERIAN GRAMMAR  \nHANDBOOK OF ORIENTAL STUDIES  \nHANDBUCH DER ORIENTALISTIK  \nSECTION ONE  \nTHE NEAR AND MIDDLE EAST  \nEDITED BY  \nH. ALTENMÜLLER · B. HROUDA · B.A. LEVINE · R. S. O’FAHEY  \nK.R. VEENHOF · C.H.M. VERSTEEGH  \nVOLUME SEVENTY-ONE  \nBY  \nDIETZ OTTO EDZARD  \nBRILL  \nLEIDEN • BOSTON  \nThis book is printed on acid-free paper.  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data  \nEdzard, Dietz Otto.  \nSumerian grammar / by Dietz Otto Edzard.  \n[p. cm](p. cm).–(Handbook of Oriental studies. Section 1, Near and Middle East ; v. 71 =  \nHandbuch der Orientalistik)  \nIncludes bibliographical references and index.  \nISBN 90-04-12608-2  \n1. Sumerian language–Grammar. I. Title. II. Handbuch der Orientalistik. Erste  \nAbteilung, Nahe und der Mittlere Osten ; 71. Bd.  \nPJ4013.E38 2003  \n499'.955-dc21 2003049567  \nISSN 0169-9423  \nISBN 90 04 12608 2  \n© Copyright 2003 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands  \nAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored  \nin a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,  \nmechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written  \npermission from the publisher.  \nAuthorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted  \nby Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to  \nThe Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive,  \nSuite 910, Danvers MA 01923, USA.  \nFees are subject to change.  \nprinted in the netherlands  \nCONTENTS  \nPreface ........................................................................................ xi  \nAbbreviations .............................................................................. xiii  \nC􀀂􀀃􀀄􀀅􀀆􀀇 O􀀈􀀆 The Sumerian Language .............................. 1  \n1.1. General Characteristics .................................................. 1  \n1.2. The (hopeless) question of the linguistic affiliation of Sumerian ........................................................................ 2  \n1.3. The linguistic environment of Sumerian .................... 3  \nC􀀂􀀃􀀄􀀅􀀆􀀇 T􀀊􀀋 How we read Sumerian ................................ 7  \n2.1. General ............................................................................ 7  \n2.2. Spelling of Sumerian .................................................... 8  \n2.2.1. Classification of cuneograms .............................. 8  \n2.2.2. Combination of cuneograms; spelling proper .... 10  \n2.2.3. Evolution of Sumerian spelling .......................... 10  \nC􀀂􀀃􀀄􀀅􀀆􀀇 T􀀂􀀇􀀆􀀆 Minimalia of Sumerian phonology and syllabic structure .................................................................... 13  \n3.1. Phonology ...................................................................... 13  \n3.1.1. Vowels .................................................................. 13  \n3.1.2. Consonants .......................................................... 14  \n3.2. Syllable structure ............................................................ 22  \nC􀀂􀀃􀀄􀀅􀀆􀀇 F􀀋􀀍􀀇 The “word” in Sumerian, parts of speech ...................................................................................... 23  \n4.1. “Word” ............................................................................ 23  \n4.2. Parts of speech .............................................................. 23  \nC􀀂􀀃􀀄􀀅􀀆􀀇 F􀀎􀀏􀀆 Substantives .................................................... 29  \n5.1. General ............................................................................ 29  \n5.2. Possession ........................................................................ 29  \n5.3. Number .......................................................................... 31  \n5.4. Case ................................................................................ 33  \n5.4.1. Notes on the phonetic and spelling behaviour of the case particles ............................................ 35  \n5.4.2. Notes on the individual case particles .............. 35  \n5.","cbCaicUwIUEMc7gX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaicUwIUEMc7gX","pdf",1236326,2,1,215,"English","en",105,"# Preface\n# Abbreviations\n# The Sumerian Language\n## General Characteristics\n## The (hopeless) question of the linguistic affiliation of Sumerian\n## The linguistic environment of Sumerian\n# How we read Sumerian\n## General\n## Spelling of Sumerian\n## Evolution of Sumerian spelling\n# Minimalia of Sumerian phonology and syllabic structure\n## Phonology\n## Syllable structure\n# The “word” in Sumerian, parts of speech\n## Parts of speech\n# Substantives\n## Possession\n## Number\n## Case\n# Adjectives\n# Determination, specification: demonstrative particles","[{\"question\":\"What scope and purpose does the book cover regarding the Sumerian language?\",\"answer\":\"The handbook focuses on structured linguistic description, including general language features, reading practices, orthography, phonology, syllable structure, and grammatical categories such as word classes and substantives.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the book approach reading and spelling Sumerian cuneiform?\",\"answer\":\"It provides guidance on how to read Sumerian and details the spelling of Sumerian, including classification of cuneograms, combining cuneograms, and the evolution of Sumerian spelling.\"},{\"question\":\"Which grammatical topics are discussed for Sumerian nouns and modifiers?\",\"answer\":\"The contents address substantives (including possession, number, and case particles with phonetic/spelling notes) and then proceed to adjectives and demonstrative particles for determination and specification.\"}]",1783315437,542,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"sumerian-grammar-handbook-of-oriental-studies-volume-seventy-one","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,47,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/sumerian-grammar-handbook-of-oriental-studies-volume-seventy-one/40817/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-13","2026-07-06",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What 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