[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-43231-en":3,"doc-seo-43231-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},43231,7971461740909,"Levi","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_155a257f0dc6eb9ab79c44ca47cae57d",8,"Research & Report","Sukarno: Radical or Conservative? Indonesian Politics 1964-5","The article examines whether President Sukarno should be characterized as radical or conservative during Indonesian politics in 1964–1965. It addresses difficulties in classification created by ideological dynamism alongside social conservatism under Guided Democracy, limited evidence on Sukarno’s final intentions, and the chaotic political period preceding the October 1, 1965 coup attempt. Contrasting with J.D. Legge’s conservative-guardian interpretation, the piece argues that leftward shifts and strengthened ties with the Indonesian Left made Sukarno radical in the later Guided Democracy period, though the 1965 events curtailed this development.","# INDONESLOCORNELL\n\nSukarno:Radical or Conservative?Indonesian Politics 1964-5  \nAuthor(s):Peter Christian Hauswedell  \nSource:Indonesia,No.15(Apr.,1973),pp.109-143  \nPublished by:Cornell University Press;Southeast Asia Program Publications at Cornell  \nUniversity  \nStable URL:https://www.jstor.org/stable/3350794  \nAccessed:23-10-201907:58 UTC  \nJSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars,researchers,and students discover,use,and build upon a widerange of content in a trusted digital archive.We use information technology and tools to increase productivity andfacilitate new forms of scholarship.For more information about JSTOR,please contact support@jstor.org.  \nYour use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms &Conditions of Use,available athttps://about.jstor.org/terms  \nSoutheast Asia Program Publications at Cornell University,Cornell University Pressare collaborating with JSTOR to digitize,preserve and extend access to Indonesia  \n# SUKARNO:  RADICAL OR CONSERVATIVE?INDONESIAN POLITICS 1964-5\n\nPeter Christian Hauswedell  \nThe passing of the Orde Lama in Indonesia and the death of Presi-dent Sukarno seem too recent,and political emotions are still toohigh to arrive at a definitive characterization of the nature of thepolitical system and its leader.  The apparent contradictions betweenthe ideological dynamism and the social conservatism¹of Guided Democ-racy,the lack of conclusive evidence about Sukarno's final politicalintentions,and the chaotic,even apocalyptic period before the suddendemise of the system all contribute to the difficulty of classifica-tion.  Finally,the dramatic events around the October 1,1965 coupattempt have distracted our attention unduly.  In Indonesia itself,the political_atmosphere does not yet allow an objective assessment ofthe period.  Since nearly all members of the present elite were in oneway or another deeply involved in the events of that time,there arefew publications about the period,and they have been rather polemica1and unsystematic.²  \nAny study which contributes to our knowledge of Sukarno and Indo-nesian politics before the coup is therefore more than welcome,andJohn D.Legge's recent political biography of the former President³is the first ambitious attempt to portray this certainly complex,andoften contradictory political leader.   Although solid in factua1  \n1.  Clifford Geertz used these terms in a different context in his afterword:\"ThePolitics of Meaning\"in Claire Holt(ed.),Culture and Politics in Indonesia(Ithaca:Cornell University Press,1971),p.320.  \n2.  See,for example,Pimpinan Redaksi Harian 'Merdeka,\"Tragedi Soekarno(Djakarta:Merdeka Press,1967);Zainal Abidin Djamaris,Taktik G Sistem Kekuasaan Dr.Ir.Soekarno(Medan:\"IKDI,\"1970);and s.M.Amin,Indonesia dibawah Rezim \"Demo-krasi Terpimpin\"(Djakarta:Bulan Bintang,1967).See also Mochtar Lubis,\"Mys-ticisn in Indonesian Politics,\"Solidarity(Manila),Vo1.XI(November-December1967),pp.22-27.  \n3.  J.D.Legge,Sukarno:A Political Biography(London:The Penguin Press,1972).  \n4.The first scholarly attempt to analyze Sukarno's political development till 1945was Bernhard Dahm's Sukarno and the Struggle for Indonesian Independence(Ithaca:Cornell University Press,1969).In this essay I will not be concerned with suchjournalistic studies as,for example,Willard A.Hanna's Eight Nation-Makers(Southeast Asia's Charismatic Statesmen)(New York:St.Martin's Press,1964),where on pp.1-92 Sukarno was judged solely in terms of conservative-1iberalWestern standards.  For an \"autobiographyl of Sukarno see Cindy Adams,Sukarno:An Autobiography as told to Cindy Adams (Indianapolis:Bobbs-Merrill,1965),andthe 1ater volume My Friend the Dictator(Indianapolis:Bobbs-Merrill,1967)bythe same author.For a particular aspect of politics under Sukarno see Donald E.Weatherbee,Ideology in Indonesia:Sukarno's Indonesian Revolution(New Haven::Yale University,Southeast Asia Studies Monograph Series No.8,1966).See also  \nmaterial and careful in judgment","cbCailqP61eEdVQD","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCailqP61eEdVQD","pdf",4044494,4,1,36,"English","en",105,"# Introduction\n## Framing the Radical vs. Conservative Debate\n## Limits of Existing Assessments\n## Article Scope and Thesis\n# Conclusion","[{\"question\":\"Why is it difficult to classify Sukarno’s political character for 1964–1965?\",\"answer\":\"The period combines ideological dynamism with social conservatism under Guided Democracy, lacks conclusive evidence about Sukarno’s final intentions, and includes a chaotic, even apocalyptic lead-up to the October 1, 1965 coup attempt. Political emotions and limited systematic publications further hinder objective assessment.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the article position its argument against John D. Legge’s interpretation?\",\"answer\":\"It critiques Legge’s orthodox view that Sukarno functioned as a conservative guardian of a conservative-bureaucratic Guided Democracy system. The article argues that in 1964–1965 Sukarno could no longer be safely seen as conservative because political changes moved toward the left.\"},{\"question\":\"What major event affected the article’s claim about Sukarno’s later radicalization?\",\"answer\":\"The October 1, 1965 coup attempt interrupted the radical development. The subsequent counterrevolution ensured repression of the changes that would have threatened the conservative political status quo.\"}]",1783378879,91,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"sukarno-radical-or-conservative-indonesian-politics-1964-5","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,48,51],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":47},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":49,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":50},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":52,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/sukarno-radical-or-conservative-indonesian-politics-1964-5/43231/",{"url":52,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-12","2026-07-06",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"Why is it difficult to classify Sukarno’s political character for 1964–1965?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The period combines ideological dynamism with social conservatism under Guided Democracy, lacks conclusive evidence about Sukarno’s final intentions, and includes a chaotic, even apocalyptic lead-up to the October 1, 1965 coup attempt. Political emotions and limited systematic publications further hinder objective assessment.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How does the article position its argument against John D. Legge’s interpretation?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"It critiques Legge’s orthodox view that Sukarno functioned as a conservative guardian of a conservative-bureaucratic Guided Democracy system. The article argues that in 1964–1965 Sukarno could no longer be safely seen as conservative because political changes moved toward the left.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"What major event affected the article’s claim about Sukarno’s later radicalization?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The October 1, 1965 coup attempt interrupted the radical development. The subsequent counterrevolution ensured repression of the changes that would have threatened the conservative political status quo.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":52,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":52},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":47,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]