[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-seo-428943-105":3,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":81,"doc-detail-428943-en":130},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"ok",{"site_id":7,"language":8,"slug":9,"title":10,"keywords":11,"description":12,"schema_data":13,"social_meta":74,"head_meta":76,"extra_data":78,"updated_unix":80},105,"en","subjective-memory-a-clinical-marker-for-cognitive-decline-and-depression-in-older-puerto-ricans-with-chronic-pain","Subjective Memory - A Clinical Marker for Cognitive Decline and Depression in Older Puerto Ricans With Chronic Pain","","Chronic pain is linked to subjective memory problems in older Puerto Rican adults, but its connection to objective cognitive decline and depressive symptoms is unclear. This longitudinal analysis used PREHCO waves spanning 2002/2003 to 2022/2024, focusing on cognitively unimpaired participants with follow-up. Chronic pain predicted worse subjective memory and higher depressive symptoms, and structural equation modeling tested pathways to later cognitive decline. Results also showed mediation via subjective memory between pain, cognitive decline, and depression.",{"@graph":14,"@context":73},[15,34,56],{"@type":16,"itemListElement":17},"BreadcrumbList",[18,23,27,31],{"item":19,"name":20,"@type":21,"position":22},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",1,{"item":24,"name":25,"@type":21,"position":26},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",2,{"item":28,"name":29,"@type":21,"position":30},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/healthcare/","Healthcare",3,{"item":32,"name":10,"@type":21,"position":33},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/subjective-memory-a-clinical-marker-for-cognitive-decline-and-depression-in-older-puerto-ricans-with-chronic-pain/428943/",4,{"url":32,"name":10,"@type":35,"image":36,"author":41,"headline":10,"publisher":44,"fileFormat":47,"inLanguage":8,"description":12,"dateModified":48,"datePublished":49,"encodingFormat":47,"isAccessibleForFree":50,"interactionStatistic":51},"DigitalDocument",{"url":37,"@type":38,"width":39,"height":40},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/subjective-memory-a-clinical-marker-for-cognitive-decline-and-depression-in-older-puerto-ricans-with-chronic-pain/428943.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":42,"@type":43},"dhado","Person",{"url":19,"name":45,"@type":46},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-09-29",true,{"@type":52,"interactionType":53,"userInteractionCount":55},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":54},"ViewAction",10,{"@type":57,"mainEntity":58},"FAQPage",[59,65,69],{"name":60,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":62},"How was chronic pain defined in the study?","Question",{"text":63,"@type":64},"Chronic pain was defined as bodily pain reported at both Waves 1 and 2.","Answer",{"name":66,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":67},"What instruments were used to assess subjective memory, cognition, and depression?",{"text":68,"@type":64},"Subjective memory used a Health and Retirement Study item rating present memory; cognitive function used the Mini-Mental Caban, and depressive symptoms were measured with the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale.",{"name":70,"@type":61,"acceptedAnswer":71},"What did the results show about the role of subjective memory?",{"text":72,"@type":64},"Subjective memory mediated the relationship between chronic pain and both cognitive decline and depressive symptoms, suggesting it as an intermediate step in aging-related declines.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":32,"og:type":75,"og:title":10,"og:site_name":45,"og:description":12},"article",{"robots":77,"canonical":32},"index,follow",{"doc_id":79,"site_id":7},428943,1790794549,{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":83},"success",[84,88,92,96,101,106,110,115,120,123,126],{"id":22,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":85,"show_sort_weight":86,"slug":87},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":26,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":89,"show_sort_weight":90,"slug":91},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":33,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":93,"show_sort_weight":94,"slug":95},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":97,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":102,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":103,"show_sort_weight":104,"slug":105},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":107,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":29,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},7,40,"healthcare",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":118,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":121,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":122},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":55,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":124,"show_sort_weight":55,"slug":125},"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":127,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":25,"category_name":128,"show_sort_weight":97,"slug":129},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":82,"data":131},{"doc_id":79,"user_id":132,"nickname":42,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":107,"category_name":29,"doc_title":10,"doc_description":12,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":55,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":22,"is_downloadable":22,"audit_status":22,"page_count":22,"language":139,"language_code":8,"site_id":7,"html_lang":8,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":12,"update_tm":143,"read_time":30,"preview_page_count":4},5909893218464,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Innovation in Aging, 2025, Vol. 9, No. S2 441  \nAbstract citation ID: igaf122.1501  \nSUBJECTIVE MEMORY: A CLINICAL MARKER FOR  \nCOGNITIVE DECLINE AND DEPRESSION IN OLDER  \nPUERTO RICANS WITH CHRONIC PAIN  \nTyler Bell1, Caitlin Northcutt2, Sadaf Milani3, Nathalie Gider1, and Michael Crowe4, 1. University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, United States, 2. University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 3. University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States, 4. University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States  \nChronic pain has been linked to subjective memory problems in older Puerto Rican adults, yet its relationship to objective cognitive decline and depressive symptoms remains unclear. This study examined these associations using data from Waves 1 (2002/2003), 2 (2006/2007), 3 (2020/2021), and 4 (2022/2024) of the Puerto Rican Elderly: Health Conditions Study (PREHCO), a longitudinal, population-based study of Puerto Rican adults aged 60 and older. The sample included individuals who were cognitively unimpaired at baseline with at least one follow-up (n = 2,630, Mage=71.33, SD= 8.25; 59.5% female). Chronic pain was defined as bodily pain reported at both Waves 1 and 2.  \nSubjective memory was assessed using the Health and Retirement Study item,“How would you rate your memory at the present time?”(1 = excellent to 5 = poor). Cognitive function and depressive symptoms were measured using the Mini-Mental Caban and the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, respectively. Structural equation modeling examined how chronic pain at Wave 2 influenced subjective memory concerns at Wave 3 and cognitive decline at Wave 4, accounting for prior cognitive function.  \nChronic pain was associated with worse subjective memory problems (β=.31, p\u003C.001) and greater depressive symptoms (β=.31, p\u003C.001) at Wave 3. By Wave 4, chronic pain predicted increases in depressive symptoms (β=-.08, p=.038) . Bootstrap methods confirmed that subjective memory problems mediated the relationship between chronic pain and cognitive decline (β= -.27, p=.035) and depressive symptoms (β=.23, p=.008) . These findings highlight subjective memory as a potential intermediatory step between declines in cognitive and emotional health in aging Puerto Rican adults.","cbCaibh3hbpQ1By7","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibh3hbpQ1By7","pdf",444019,"English","# Study design and data source\n## Measures and outcome definitions\n# Statistical analysis and pathways\n## Structural equation modeling\n## Mediation and bootstrap testing\n# Key findings and implications","[{\"question\":\"How was chronic pain defined in the study?\",\"answer\":\"Chronic pain was defined as bodily pain reported at both Waves 1 and 2.\"},{\"question\":\"What instruments were used to assess subjective memory, cognition, and depression?\",\"answer\":\"Subjective memory used a Health and Retirement Study item rating present memory; cognitive function used the Mini-Mental Caban, and depressive symptoms were measured with the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale.\"},{\"question\":\"What did the results show about the role of subjective memory?\",\"answer\":\"Subjective memory mediated the relationship between chronic pain and both cognitive decline and depressive symptoms, suggesting it as an intermediate step in aging-related declines.\"}]","Subjective Memory - A Clinical Marker for Cognitive Decline and Depression in Older Puerto Ricans With Chronic Pain | PDF",1790648169]