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It defines algorithm fundamentals (abstraction, decomposition, linear and binary search, merge sort, bubble sort), programming constructs and concepts (data types, variables, constants, arrays, assignment, iteration and selection, nested control flow, subroutines and parameters), and supporting routines (validation and authentication). 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If they do not match, half of the array or list can be eliminated and the search continues in the other half. The array or list needs to be sorted so that a binary search can be performed.  \nMerge sort  \nThe merge sort is a ‘divide-and-conquer’ algorithm. The original array or list is broken down into smaller and smaller parts until we have individual elements.  \nThe merge sort continues by building back sorted groups until we end with the full sorted result.  \nBubble sort  \nA bubble sort works by making passes through the array or list.  \nWhilst making a pass, we compare neighbours and swap them if they are out of order. After a series of passes, the array or list will be sorted.  \n3.2 Programming  \nData type  \nEach variable has a data type. The data type determines what kind of value the variable will hold and the set of operations that can be performed on it.  \nInteger  \nA whole number.  \nReal/Float  \nNumbers that can include fractions/values after the decimal point.  \nBoolean  \nA data type that can represent the two values True and False.  \nCharacter  \nStores a single character in a fixed-length format related to a specific character set (for example ASCII) .  \nString  \nA string is a sequence of characters.  \nVariable  \nAn identifier that represents a memory location that can store a value. This value can change during execution of a program.  \nVariable declaration (examples)  \nC\\# int Age = 17;  \nVB Dim Age As Integer = 12  \nPython Age = 12  \nConstant  \nAn identifier that represents a memory location that can store a value. This value cannot change during execution of a program.  \nNote: Python does not have constants but convention is that an identifier in capitals should indicate the concept of a constant.  \nConstant declaration (examples)  \nC\\# const int Months = 12;  \nVB Const Months As Integer = 12  \nPython MONTHS = 12  \nArray  \nA data structure that stores a collection of elements of the same data type under a single variable name and is accessed through an index.  \nAssignment  \nAn assignment statement sets the value of a variable/constant.  \nIteration  \nIteration is the repetition of a block of code.  \nDefinite iteration  \nDefinite iteration is the repetition of a block of code for a set number of times. An example structure is a FOR loop.  \nIndefinite iteration  \nIndefinite iteration is the repetition of a block of code being controlled by a condition. The number of iterations to be performed is not known when entering the block of code. Example structures are WHILE and DO LOOP UNTIL.  \nSelection  \nA selection statement allows a block of code to be executed only when a certain condition is satisfied.  \nExamples of selection statements include:  \nIF THEN ELSE  \nSWITCH/CASE/MATCH  \nNested (selection/iteration)  \nWhen an iteration statement appears inside another iteration statement it is considered nested.  \nWhen a selection statement appears inside another selection statement it is considered nested.  \nRandom number generation  \nThe use of algorithms to produce sequences of numbers that appear unpredictable.  \nSubroutine  \nA named ‘out of line’ block of code that may be executed (called) by simply w","cbCaintzNjmIeype","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaintzNjmIeype","pdf",205857,15,"English","# 3.1 Fundamentals of algorithms\n# 3.2 Programming\n# 3.3 Fundamentals of data representation","[{\"question\":\"What does the document define under “3.1 Fundamentals of algorithms”?\",\"answer\":\"It provides definitions for key algorithm terms such as abstraction, decomposition, linear search, binary search, merge sort, and bubble sort.\"},{\"question\":\"Which programming concepts and data types are included in the glossary?\",\"answer\":\"It defines data types (integer, real/float, boolean, character, string), variables and constants, arrays, assignment, iteration (definite and indefinite), selection, nested selection/iteration, and subroutines with parameters.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the document explain errors and data representation?\",\"answer\":\"It distinguishes syntax errors from logical errors and describes data representation systems including decimal (base 10), binary (base 2), and hexadecimal (base 16).\"}]","Subject specific vocabulary - GCSE Computer Science (8525) key terms definitions | PDF",1792467216,38]