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It explains central concepts and models such as the Absorption-addiction model for parasocial relationships, the agentic state and its link to obedience, and multiple bias terms including alpha bias and androcentrism. Additional entries introduce attachment types, authoritarian personality, autonomy, and treatments like aversion therapy, alongside depression-related cognitive models such as Beck’s negative triad.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/subject-specific-vocabulary-as-and-a-level-psychology-key-terms/622790/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/subject-specific-vocabulary-as-and-a-level-psychology-key-terms/622790.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Indoniesian Boy","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-05","2026-10-20",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What is the Absorption-addiction model in psychology?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"It explains how parasocial relationships or celebrity worship can develop when people have deficits in real-life relationships. Forming the relationship provides identity and fulfilment that becomes addictive as an escape from reality.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"What does the agentic state describe?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"It describes when an individual relinquishes personal autonomy and moral judgment to obey an authority figure. It helps explain obedience even when the person knows the order is harmful.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What is androcentrism and why is it considered an issue?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Androcentrism treats male experience or behaviour as the standard for what is normal or desirable. It can lead to female behaviour being judged as abnormal and contribute to a gender data gap due to studies using male-only participants.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},622790,1792467084,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":46,"language":139,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":140,"faqs":141,"seo_title":142,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":31,"preview_page_count":4},962090760608,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_276721f389ce27ea32af1340a28f341c","Subject specific vocabulary  \nThe following subject specific vocabulary provides definitions of some key terms used in our updated AS and A-level Psychology: 7181/7182 specification, first teaching in 2025 with first AS exam in 2026 and first A-level exam in 2027.  \nAbsorption-addiction model  \nThis is an explanation for the existence and development of parasocial relationships or celebrity worship. The Absorption-addiction model suggests that people form parasocial relationships when they have deficits in real life relationships. Establishing a parasocial relationship allows them to gain a sense of identity and fulfilment which becomes addictive as it provides a means of escape from reality.  \nAgentic state  \nThis term refers to an individual relinquishing their personal autonomy and moral sense of right and wrong, to submit to obedience. This can result in an individual following an order from an authority figure even if they know it to be harmful to others. This is a situational explanation of obedience and was displayed by some participants in Stanley Milgram’s experiment on obedience.  \nAlpha bias  \nA type of bias where differences between groups are exaggerated or emphasised. This is an issue in Psychology, as it can result in ideas that one group is different, perhaps superior to another, and consequently reinforce racial or gendered stereotypes leading to loss of opportunities for specific groups. An example of this can be seen in early Intelligence testing studies which resulted in discriminatory treatment of minority groups.  \nAndrocentrism  \nAndrocentrism is a type of gender bias where male experience/behaviour is seen as the standard for what counts as ‘normal’ or desirable behaviour. This is an issue because in comparison, female behaviour is judged to be abnormal or undesirable. Psychology has along history of androcentrism, with many male researchers using male only participants to draw universal conclusions which include all genders/people. One issue with androcentrism is that it has resulted in a gender data gap that also adversely affects females.  \nApproach  \nAn approach in Psychology is a perspective or theoretical framework for explaining behaviour. There are a number of key approaches in Psychology including the Biological, Behavioural, Cognitive, Psychodynamic and Humanistic.  \nAttachment  \nAn emotional and reciprocal bond between caregiver and infant. Mary Ainsworth measured attachment types by observing behaviours including proximity seeking behaviour, separation distress, stranger anxiety, secure base behaviour and reuniting response. She concluded that there are three types of attachments displayed in infant behaviour: Secure (Type B), Insecure Avoidant (Type A) and Insecure Resistant (Type C) .  \nAuthoritarian personality  \nOne explanation for why some people are more obedient than others is that they have an authoritarian personality. This is a dispositional explanation proposed by Theodore F Adorno who studied authoritarianism from 1940s onwards and created ‘The F Scale’ as a tool for measuring the authoritarian personality. Adorno identified the following traits in those with authoritarian personalities: rigid beliefs, conformity to norms, submissive to authority, focus on power and toughness, and hostility to those of lower status or members of an out-group. Authoritarian personalities may develop from a harsh parenting style during childhood.  \nAutonomy  \nAutonomy refers to an individual’s capacity to think and behave freely and independently of external influences or pressures.  \nAversion therapy  \nA treatment used to reduce addictive behaviours broadly based on classical conditioning. The addictive behaviour is paired with an unpleasant (aversive) experience, such as alcohol, with an emetic so that the addictive behaviour becomes associated with discomfort. Covert sensitisation is a therapy designed to create the same kinds of associations through imagery, graphic description and mental rehea","cbCaim0IrLmPjNRA","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaim0IrLmPjNRA","pdf",223753,"English","# Subject specific vocabulary\n## Key models and explanations\n## Biases and gender/cultural issues\n## Core psychology concepts and terminology\n## Treatments and clinical terms","[{\"question\":\"What is the Absorption-addiction model in psychology?\",\"answer\":\"It explains how parasocial relationships or celebrity worship can develop when people have deficits in real-life relationships. Forming the relationship provides identity and fulfilment that becomes addictive as an escape from reality.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the agentic state describe?\",\"answer\":\"It describes when an individual relinquishes personal autonomy and moral judgment to obey an authority figure. It helps explain obedience even when the person knows the order is harmful.\"},{\"question\":\"What is androcentrism and why is it considered an issue?\",\"answer\":\"Androcentrism treats male experience or behaviour as the standard for what is normal or desirable. It can lead to female behaviour being judged as abnormal and contribute to a gender data gap due to studies using male-only participants.\"}]","Subject specific vocabulary - AS and A-level Psychology key terms | PDF"]