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 \n2.A checklist for making a referral to a speech-language pathologist (SLP)if you are concerned a child in your class may be stuttering;  \n3.Answers to questions you may have about stuttering;  \n4.An overview of what happens in speech therapy for stuttering;  \n5.Suggestions regarding information you can share with the SLP;  \n6.Suggestions for sharing information with parents;  \n7.Brief descriptions of various resources on stuttering,teasing,and build-ing self-esteem in children.Some of these resources are geared forteachers,some for children,and others for parents.A brief explanationof each resource accompanies its listing.  \n# General Information About Stuttering\n\nThis section addresses general information about stuttering,includingcauses of stuttering,facts about stuttering,what stuttering looks like,and howchildren may feel about stuttering.  \n## Causes\n\n·Stuttering usually begins between the ages of two and four.While thereis no known cause of stuttering,researchers agree that it likely resultsfrom an interaction of factors including child development,familydynamics,genetics,and neurophysiology.  \n# Facts About Stutering\n\n·More boys stutter than girls.At age two,the ratio is approximately twoboys for every girl but by fifth grade,approximately four boys will stutter foreach girl.  \n·Approximately 5 percent of all children go through a period of stutteringthat lasts six months or more.Three-quarters of those will recover by latechildhood,leaving about 1%with a long-term problem.  \n·If a child has been stuttering longer than three years,however,it is veryunlikely she willoutgrow it.Because most children begin stuttering duringtheir preschool years,a child who stutters in elementary,middle,or highschool is much less likely to outgrow the problem.  \n·There is no known cure for stuttering,including speech therapy.Instead,speech therapy helps the child learn to talk in an easier manner,evenquite fluently,and to have healthy attitudes and feelings about talking.  \n·Stuttering is not caused by psychological differences.Children do notbegin stuttering because the","cbCaipFnVa4qET0T","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaipFnVa4qET0T","pdf",2608680,48,"English","# SECTION I For Teachers\n## Causes\n## Facts About Stuttering\n## What Stutering Looks and Sounds Like","[{\"question\":\"What is stuttering and how does it interfere with communication?\",\"answer\":\"Stuttering is a communication disorder that interferes with fluent speaking. It involves the repetition, prolongation, or blockage of sounds, syllables, or words.\"},{\"question\":\"When does stuttering usually begin, and what factors are involved?\",\"answer\":\"Stuttering usually begins between ages two and four. While no single known cause exists, researchers agree it likely results from an interaction of factors such as child development, family dynamics, genetics, and neurophysiology.\"},{\"question\":\"What are the main patterns of stuttering teachers may notice in class?\",\"answer\":\"The handbook describes three main patterns: repetitions of sounds and syllables, sound prolongations, and blocks where a child has difficulty producing a sound.\"}]","Stuttering - Straight Talk for Teachers - A Handbook for Teachers and Speech-Language Pathologists | PDF",1790659477,121]