[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-detail-40815-en":3,"doc-seo-40815-105":30,"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":91},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",{"doc_id":7,"user_id":8,"nickname":9,"user_avatar":10,"doc_module":4,"category_id":11,"category_name":12,"doc_title":13,"doc_description":14,"doc_content":15,"file_id":16,"file_url":17,"file_type":18,"file_size":19,"view_count":20,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":21,"is_downloadable":21,"audit_status":21,"page_count":22,"language":23,"language_code":24,"site_id":25,"html_lang":24,"table_of_contents":26,"faqs":27,"seo_title":13,"seo_description":14,"update_tm":28,"read_time":29},40815,1374391974468,"Eden","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_29158cc5080c5b710cf443261637dec0",8,"Research & Report","Studies on the Cārvāka/Lokāyata","Studies on the Cārvāka/Lokāyata presents cultural, historical, and textual research on the ancient Indian materialist tradition. The volume frames the field through comparative perspectives on sources, interpretation, and transmission of doctrines. It surveys origins of Indian materialism, pre-Cārvāka ideas, nihilist versus materialist figures, and central epistemic themes such as perception and inference. It further examines later and competing representations across Jain, Buddhist, Nyāya commentary, and Persian/Arabic traditions.","STUDIES ON THE CĀRVĀKA/LOKĀYATA  \nCultural, Historical and Textual Studies of Religions  \nThe volumes featured in the Anthem Cultural, Historical and Textual Studies of Religions series are the expression of an international community of scholars committed to the reshaping of the field of textual and historical studies of religions. Titles in this series examine practice, ritual, and other textual religious products, crossing different area studies and time frames. Featuring a vast range of interpretive perspectives, this innovative series aims to enhance the way we look at religious traditions.  \nSeries Editor  \nFederico Squarcini, University of Firenze, Italy  \nEditorial Board  \nPiero Capelli, University of Venezia, Italy Vincent Eltschinger, ICIHA, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria Christoph Emmrich, University of Toronto, Canada James Fitzgerald, Brown University, USA Jonardon Ganeri, University of Sussex, UK Barbara A. Holdrege, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA Sheldon Pollock, Columbia University, USA Karin Preisendanz, University of Vienna, Austria Alessandro Saggioro, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy Cristina Scherrer-Schaub, University of Lausanne and EPHE, France Romila Thapar, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India Ananya Vajpeyi, University of Massachusetts Boston, USA Marco Ventura, University of Siena, Italy Vincenzo Vergiani, University of Cambridge, UK  \nSTUDIES ON THE CĀRVĀKA/LOKĀYATA  \nRamkrishna Bhattacharya  \nAnthem Press  \nAn imprint of Wimbledon Publishing Company [www.anthempress. com](www.anthempress. com)  \nThis edition first published in UK and USA 2011 by ANTHEM PRESS  \n75-76 Blackfriars Road, London SE1 8HA, UK  \nor PO Box 9779, London SW19 7ZG, UK  \nand  \n244 Madison Ave. \\#116, New York, NY 10016, USA Copyright © Ramkrishna Bhattacharya 2011 The author asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work.  \nGraphics and layout © Marianna Ferrara  \nCover image ‘Inside the Jantar Mantar, Jaipur, India, 2005’  \n© Clelia Pellicano  \nAll rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above publisher of this book.  \nBritish Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.  \nLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested.  \nISBN-13: 978 0 85728 433 4 (Hbk)  \nISBN-10: 0 85728 433 9 (Hbk)  \nThis title is also available as an eBook.  \nProfessor MrinalKanti Gangopadhyayaa never-failing friend  \nContents  \nPreface 9  \nAcknowledgements 11  \nAbbreviations 13  \nI. Origin of Materialism in India: Royal or Popular? 21  \nII. Jain Sources for the Study of Pre-Cārvāka  \nMaterialist Ideas in India 33  \nIII. Ajita Kesakambala: Nihilist or Materialist ? 45  \nIV. Perception and Inference in the Cārvāka Philosophy 55  \nV. Commentators of the Cārvākasūtra 65  \nVI. Cārvāka Fragments: A New Collection 69  \nVII. On the Authenticity of an Alleged Cārvāka Aphorism 105  \nVIII. Paurandarasūtra Revisited 109  \nIX. What Did the Cārvāka-s Mean by sukhaṃ jīvet? 123  \n8 Studies on the Cārvāka/Lokāyata  \nX. Sāṃkhya, Yoga and Lokāyata in the Kauṭilīya  \nArthaśāstra: A Re-View 131  \nXI. Yogācāra against the Cārvāka: A Critical  \nSurvey of Tattvasaṅgraha, Chapter 22 137  \nXII. Jayantabhaṭṭa’s Representation of the Cārvāka: A Critique 147  \nXIII. What does Udayana Mean by  \nlokavyavahārasiddha iti cārvākāḥ? 159  \nXIV. Hemacandra on the Cārvāka: A Survey 163  \nXV. Haribhadra’s Ṣaḍdarśanasamuccaya,  \nVerses 81-84: A Study 175  \nXVI. The Significance of Lokāyata in Pali 187  \nXVII. On Lokāyata and Lokāyatana  \nin Buddhist Sanskrit 193  \nXVIII. Lokāyata and Lokāyatana  \nin Sanskrit Dictionaries 197  \nXIX.","cbCaii1SHFyDxdrC","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaii1SHFyDxdrC","pdf",4575535,2,1,253,"English","en",105,"# Preface\n# Contents\n## Origin of Materialism in India: Royal or Popular?\n## Jain Sources for the Study of Pre-Cārvāka\n## Ajita Kesakambala: Nihilist or Materialist?\n## Perception and Inference in the Cārvāka Philosophy\n## Commentators of the Cārvākasūtra\n## Cārvāka Fragments: A New Collection\n## Authenticity of an Alleged Cārvāka Aphorism\n## Paurandarasūtra Revisited\n## What Did the Cārvāka-s Mean by sukhaṃ jīvet?\n## Sāṃkhya, Yoga and Lokāyata in the Kauṭilīya Arthaśāstra","[{\"question\":\"What scope does the book cover regarding Cārvāka/Lokāyata studies?\",\"answer\":\"The book focuses on cultural, historical, and textual studies of religions with specific attention to the Cārvāka/Lokāyata tradition and how its doctrines can be reconstructed from limited evidence.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the author propose reconstructing Cārvāka doctrines despite limited sources?\",\"answer\":\"The author indicates that, even with a paucity of direct Cārvāka material, core ideas can be reconstructed using materials found in opponents’ works and quoted extracts.\"},{\"question\":\"Why can the chapters be read separately?\",\"answer\":\"The preface states each chapter is designed to function independently, with some repetitions retained, while in certain cases references link to other chapters to support the reader’s understanding.\"}]",1783315424,638,{"code":4,"msg":31,"data":32},"ok",{"site_id":25,"language":24,"slug":33,"title":13,"keywords":34,"description":14,"schema_data":35,"social_meta":86,"head_meta":88,"extra_data":90,"updated_unix":28},"studies-on-the-carvakalokayata","",{"@graph":36,"@context":85},[37,53,68],{"@type":38,"itemListElement":39},"BreadcrumbList",[40,44,47,50],{"item":41,"name":42,"@type":43,"position":21},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":45,"name":46,"@type":43,"position":20},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/","Document",{"item":48,"name":12,"@type":43,"position":49},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":51,"name":13,"@type":43,"position":52},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/studies-on-the-carvakalokayata/40815/",4,{"url":51,"name":13,"@type":54,"author":55,"headline":13,"publisher":57,"fileFormat":60,"inLanguage":24,"description":14,"dateModified":61,"datePublished":62,"encodingFormat":60,"isAccessibleForFree":63,"interactionStatistic":64},"DigitalDocument",{"name":9,"@type":56},"Person",{"url":41,"name":58,"@type":59},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-07-13","2026-07-06",true,{"@type":65,"interactionType":66,"userInteractionCount":20},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":67},"ViewAction",{"@type":69,"mainEntity":70},"FAQPage",[71,77,81],{"name":72,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":74},"What scope does the book cover regarding Cārvāka/Lokāyata studies?","Question",{"text":75,"@type":76},"The book focuses on cultural, historical, and textual studies of religions with specific attention to the Cārvāka/Lokāyata tradition and how its doctrines can be reconstructed from limited evidence.","Answer",{"name":78,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":79},"How does the author propose reconstructing Cārvāka doctrines despite limited sources?",{"text":80,"@type":76},"The author indicates that, even with a paucity of direct Cārvāka material, core ideas can be reconstructed using materials found in opponents’ works and quoted extracts.",{"name":82,"@type":73,"acceptedAnswer":83},"Why can the chapters be read separately?",{"text":84,"@type":76},"The preface states each chapter is designed to function independently, with some repetitions retained, while in certain cases references link to other chapters to support the reader’s understanding.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":51,"og:type":87,"og:title":13,"og:site_name":58,"og:description":14},"article",{"robots":89,"canonical":51},"index,follow",{"doc_id":7,"site_id":25},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":92},[93,97,101,105,110,115,120,123,128,131,135],{"id":21,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":94,"show_sort_weight":95,"slug":96},"Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":20,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":98,"show_sort_weight":99,"slug":100},"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":102,"show_sort_weight":103,"slug":104},"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":106,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":107,"show_sort_weight":108,"slug":109},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":111,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":112,"show_sort_weight":113,"slug":114},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":116,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":117,"show_sort_weight":118,"slug":119},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":11,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":12,"show_sort_weight":121,"slug":122},30,"research-report",{"id":124,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":125,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":127},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":126,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":129,"show_sort_weight":126,"slug":130},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":132,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":133,"show_sort_weight":132,"slug":134},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":136,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":46,"category_name":137,"show_sort_weight":106,"slug":138},19,"General","general"]