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Although campuses apply an EMI (English medium instruction) policy and promote an “English only environment,” learners struggle to communicate in English beyond the classroom. This research evaluates students’ current spoken-English proficiency through an IELTS-style speaking test, then explores causes and remedies using semistructured interviews with teachers and students by email.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/students-low-proficiency-in-spoken-english-in-private-universities-in-bangladesh-reasons-and-remedies/491279/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/students-low-proficiency-in-spoken-english-in-private-universities-in-bangladesh-reasons-and-remedies/491279.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Aditya","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-02","2026-10-01",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":44},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What problem does the study address?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"The study addresses students’ low proficiency in spoken English in private universities in Bangladesh despite an EMI policy and an “English only environment.”","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How is students’ spoken-English proficiency measured?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"Students’ proficiency is determined using an IELTS-style speaking test to assess their overall level of spoken English.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"What solutions do participants suggest to improve spoken English?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Participants suggest integrating TBL (task-based learning) and cooperative learning, training students in noticing and listening-based speaking practice, teaching collocations, promoting self-regulated learning, and strengthening teacher education.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},491279,1790954417,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":44,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962085564549,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_085a072bc5b1113ac321206ff7593b45","Islam and Stapa Language Testing in Asia (2021) 11:22  \n[https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-021-00139-0](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40468-021-00139-0)  \nRESEARCH Open Access   \nStudents’ low proficiency in spoken English in private universities in Bangladesh: reasons and remedies  \nMd Shaiful Islam 1,2* and Mahani Bt Stapa 1  \n* Correspondence: attitude. [dynamic@gmail.com](dynamic@gmail.com)  \n1Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia 2Independent University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh  \nAbstract  \nStudents of private universities in Bangladesh are often found to be less competent in spoken English. Since the universities have adopted EMI (English medium instruction) policy, the prevailing linguistic condition on the campus is an “English only environment.” In this context, students are required to communicate in English both inside and outside their classroom, but they desperately struggle to cope with this environment. This study attempted to understand and explain this problem; hence, it set three aims: to evaluate students’ current level of proficiency in spoken English, to investigate the reasons, and to offer remedies. Initially, selected students were given an IELTS-style speaking test in order to determine the overall proficiency in spoken English. Then, involving teachers and students, semistructured email interviews were conducted. The findings report that students’ current level of proficiency is around IELTS band score 5 . Reasons for low development of spoken English among students include complex nature of speaking, inappropriate application of instructional methods, teachers’ low proficiency in spoken English and controlling behavior, students’ psychological factors, sociocultural factors, students’inadequate linguistic resources, L1 interference, and large class size. Remedies suggested by the participants entail integrating TBL (task-based learning) and CL (cooperative learning) teaching-learning, making students aware of noticing, learning speaking through listening, teaching collocations, promoting self-regulated learning, and strengthening teacher education. The reasons investigated and the remedies explored have significant implications that might guide the members of the operating trusts of the private universities, members of the curriculum development and revision committees, and the practitioners to adopt practical approaches to ensure effective learning of spoken English by the students.  \nKeywords: Low proficiency in spoken English, Private university in Bangladesh, Causes, Solution  \n© The Author(s) . 2021 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4 . 0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .  \nIntroduction  \nSpeaking, as used in the ESL (English as a second language), or EFL (English as a foreign language) contexts, appears to be the most important of the four language skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) (Bailey & Savage, 1994; El-Sakka, 2016; Shabani, 2013). Speaking might be considered the fundamental skill in second language (L2) learning (Lazaraton, 2014). Lazaraton (2014) adds that speaking is used as a vehicle to acquire other skills, such as listening, reading, an","cbCaioyVK3Q7lt9l","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaioyVK3Q7lt9l","pdf",754287,31,"English","# Abstract\n# Introduction\n## Importance of speaking in ESL/EFL\n## English as a global lingua franca","[{\"question\":\"What problem does the study address?\",\"answer\":\"The study addresses students’ low proficiency in spoken English in private universities in Bangladesh despite an EMI policy and an “English only environment.”\"},{\"question\":\"How is students’ spoken-English proficiency measured?\",\"answer\":\"Students’ proficiency is determined using an IELTS-style speaking test to assess their overall level of spoken English.\"},{\"question\":\"What solutions do participants suggest to improve spoken English?\",\"answer\":\"Participants suggest integrating TBL (task-based learning) and cooperative learning, training students in noticing and listening-based speaking practice, teaching collocations, promoting self-regulated learning, and strengthening teacher education.\"}]","Students’ Low Proficiency in Spoken English in Private Universities in Bangladesh - Reasons and Remedies | PDF",1790847701,78]