[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-seo-329800-105":59,"doc-detail-329800-en":131},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":60,"data":61},"ok",{"site_id":62,"language":63,"slug":64,"title":65,"keywords":66,"description":67,"schema_data":68,"social_meta":124,"head_meta":126,"extra_data":128,"updated_unix":130},105,"en","structuralism-revision-notes-key-thinkers-and-concepts","Structuralism Revision Notes - Key Thinkers and Concepts","","Revision notes on structuralism explain how meaning arises from a system of relationships rather than from the object or text alone. The material outlines core principles such as relational meaning, context-dependent interpretation, and binary structures, framed as systems of units governed by rules of combination. It covers structuralism’s application across disciplines and summarizes key thinkers including Saussure, Lévi-Strauss, Propp, and Barthes, along with major related ideas like langue/parole, mythic oppositions, narrative functions, and second-order signification.",{"@graph":69,"@context":123},[70,84,106],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":20,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/exam/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/structuralism-revision-notes-key-thinkers-and-concepts/329800/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/structuralism-revision-notes-key-thinkers-and-concepts/329800.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Quinn","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-09-21",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":105},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",12,{"@type":107,"mainEntity":108},"FAQPage",[109,115,119],{"name":110,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":112},"What is structuralism’s core idea about meaning?","Question",{"text":113,"@type":114},"Structuralism argues that things cannot be understood in isolation; meaning comes from their position within larger structures and systems of relationships.","Answer",{"name":116,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":117},"How does Saussure distinguish language systems from individual speech?",{"text":118,"@type":114},"He separates langue (the system of language) from parole (individual speech acts), emphasizing that language works through differences.",{"name":120,"@type":111,"acceptedAnswer":121},"What narrative approach did Vladimir Propp use for folktales?",{"text":122,"@type":114},"Propp reduced folktales to recurring narrative functions and plot moves, supported by seven character types, keeping structure constant even when content changes.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":125,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":127,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":129,"site_id":62},329800,1790105951,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":132},{"doc_id":129,"user_id":133,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":134,"doc_module":4,"category_id":19,"category_name":20,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":135,"file_id":136,"file_url":137,"file_type":138,"file_size":139,"view_count":105,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":144,"read_time":145,"preview_page_count":4},962075114765,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","DAKSHITA SINGH  \nThe essence of Structuralism is the belief that “things cannot be understood in isolation, they have to be seen in the context of larger structures they are part of”. Meaning doesn't come from the object/text itself, but from its position in a system of relationships.  \n• Meaning is relational, not inherent.  \n• Elements must be seen in context (e.g., a word in a sentence; a tale in a myth-cycle) .  \n• Structures are often binary (opposing elements) .  \n• Structure = system of units + rules of combination.  \n• Applied across disciplines: linguistics, anthropology, literature, psychology, etc.  \nDAKSH ITA SINGH  \n| New Criticism | Structuralism |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Text is autonomous | Text is part of larger cultural structures | GH |\n| Focus on close reading | Focus on underlying systems and\u003Cbr>codes | TA SIN |\n| Meaning is within the text | Meaning is constructed by\u003Cbr>language systems | DAKSHI |\n| Ignores author, but not language | Prioritizes language and structure\u003Cbr>over author |  |\n\nDAKSH ITA SINGH  \nThe founder of structural linguistics, Saussure shifted focus from historical linguistics to studying the structure of language at a given time.  \nKey Terms:  \n• Sign = Signifier (sound/image) + Signified (concept)  \n• Signs are arbitrary and relational  \n• Langue: the system of language  \n• Parole: individual speech act  \n• Language is a system of differences: e.g., \"hut\" vs \"house\"vs \"palace\"  \n• Binary Oppositions: day/night, male/female, etc.  \n• Speech > Writing: Saussure prioritized spoken language (criticized later by Derrida as phonocentrism) .  \n• Introduced synchronic (present-structure) vs diachronic (historical development) analysis.  \nDAKSH ITA SINGH  \nClaude Lévi-Strauss  \nApplied Saussure’s concepts to myth, kinship, food, culture.  \nKey Ideas:  \n• All cultures share universal structures of thought.  \n• Myths = expressions of these structures through recurring binary oppositions: life/death, human/animal, culture/nature.  \n• Mythemes: smallest units of myth, like phonemes in language.  \nBricolage:  \n• Bricoleur: uses existing cultural elements creatively (like myths do) .  \n• Opposed to the engineer, who uses fixed tools and plans.  \n• Mythology is bricolage: rearranging pre-existing materials for new meanings.  \nDAKSH ITA SINGH  \nVladimir Propp  \nMorphology of the Folktale (1928)  \nA Russian formalist who reduced folktales to recurrent narrative functions.  \n• 31 narrative functions/ plot moves (e.g., villainy, departure, return) .  \n• 7 character types (e.g., hero, villain, helper) .  \n• Content differs, structure remains constant.  \nDAKSH ITA SINGH  \nRoland Barthes  \n• Myth as Second-Order Signification  \n• First order: denotation (literal)  \n• Second order: connotation (myth, ideology)  \n• Paris Match example: Black soldier saluting = French imperialist myth.  \n• Death of the Author (1968)  \n• “What did the author mean?”  \n• “What meanings does the text produce within the cultural structure?”  \n• Five Narrative Codes (S/Z):  \n• He did a reading of Balzac’s story Sarrasine.  \n• Hermeneutic (mystery), Proairetic (action), Semic (connotation), Symbolic (themes), Cultural (shared knowledge) .  \n• Readerly vs Writerly Texts  \n• Readerly: passive consumption  \n• Writerly: active interpretation  \nDAKSH ITA SINGH  \n\n| Key Thinkers | Seminal Work(s) |\n| --- | --- |\n| Ferdinand de Saussure | Course in General Linguistics (1916,\u003Cbr>posthumous) |\n| Claude Lévi-Strauss | Structural Anthropology (1958); The Raw and\u003Cbr>the Cooked (1964) |\n| Roman Jakobson | Linguistics and Poetics (1960, essay) |\n| Vladimir Propp | Morphology of the Folktale (1928, English trans.\u003Cbr>1958) |\n| Roland Barthes | Mythologies (1957); Elements of Semiology (1964); The Death of the Author (1967, essay);\u003Cbr>S/Z (1970) |\n| Gérard Genette | Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method (1972) |\n\nDAKSH ITA SINGH","cbCaibTjpqmRtABX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibTjpqmRtABX","pdf",569041,"English","# Structuralism Core Ideas\n## Relational Meaning and Structures\n## Binary Oppositions\n# Key Thinkers and Their Concepts\n## Ferdinand de Saussure\n## Claude Lévi-Strauss\n## Vladimir Propp\n## Roland Barthes","[{\"question\":\"What is structuralism’s core idea about meaning?\",\"answer\":\"Structuralism argues that things cannot be understood in isolation; meaning comes from their position within larger structures and systems of relationships.\"},{\"question\":\"How does Saussure distinguish language systems from individual speech?\",\"answer\":\"He separates langue (the system of language) from parole (individual speech acts), emphasizing that language works through differences.\"},{\"question\":\"What narrative approach did Vladimir Propp use for folktales?\",\"answer\":\"Propp reduced folktales to recurring narrative functions and plot moves, supported by seven character types, keeping structure constant even when content changes.\"}]","Structuralism Revision Notes - Key Thinkers and Concepts | PDF",1789985672,23]