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Psychology xxx (2011) xxx–xxx  \nContents lists available at ScienceDirect  \nJournal of Experimental Social Psychology  \njournal homepage: [www. else vier. com/locate/j esp](www. else vier. com/locate/j esp)  \nFlashReport  \nStrangers in sync: Achieving embodied rapport through shared movements ☆, ☆☆ Tanya Vacharkulksemsuk ⁎, Barbara L. Fredrickson  \nUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology, Davie Hall CB \\#3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA  \na r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t  \n\n| Article history:\u003Cbr>Received 26 May 2011\u003Cbr>Revised 21 July 2011\u003Cbr>Available online xxxx |\n| --- |\n| Keywords:\u003Cbr>Synchrony\u003Cbr>Self-disclosure\u003Cbr>Rapport\u003Cbr>Embodiment\u003Cbr>Relationship formation |\n\nThis paper examines the emergence of behavioral synchrony among strangers in the context of selfdisclosure, and their path in predicting interaction quality. Specifically, we hypothesize that behavioral synchrony mediates the direct effect of self-disclosure on the development of embodied rapport. Same-sex stranger pairs (n=94) were randomly assigned to a video recorded self-disclosure or control condition, and afterward each member rated their social interaction. Following the procedure used by Bernieri, Reznick, and Rosenthal (1988), two trained judges independently watched each video record and rated each pair interaction on behavioral synchrony. Bootstrapping analyses provide support for the hypothesized mediating effect of behavioral synchrony, which emerged as independent of the effects of self-other overlap and positive affect. The authors discuss implications of behavioral synchrony for relationship formation processes and the inevitable entwinement of behavior and judgments in light of embodied cognition.  \n© 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  \nIntroduction  \nKnowing that quality social relationships are critical for personal health (e.g., Snyder & Lopez, 2002), it is important to understand the interpersonal micro-moments–the “building blocks”–of successful relationship formation. Acts of self-disclosure with strangers, be it informally on a morning subway commute or formally at a structured event like speed-dating, are a common step toward building social relationships. Turns out, a mechanism by which self-disclosure is effective involves the unspoken, shared physical movements of the interactants.  \nThe present study employs behavioral coding of same-sex stranger dyads during instances of self-disclosure, and results point to the spontaneous act of people moving together in time and space as a key element that promotes quality interaction—namely, embodied rapport. Whereas rapport is traditionally defined by interactants' perceptions of positivity and mutuality (Tickle-Degnen & Rosenthal, 1990), recent findings on embodied cognition suggest that the bodily aspects of rapport have thus far gone under-appreciated. Consistent with embodied cognition's thesis that people's perceptions and judgments reflect their own motor and bodily experiences (see Niedenthal, 2007), we propose that rapport reflects interactants' physically shared motions, emotions, and vitality. In particular, beyond perceptions of positivity and  \n☆ This work was supported by NIMH Grant MH59615.  \n☆☆We thank Sara Algoe, Ben Rosen, Sophie Trawalter, and current PEPLab members for comments on earlier drafts; Michael D. Cohen for data collection and reduction consultation; UNC undergraduates Jana Lembke, Laura Mannie, and Andrew Paschal for videocoding dedication.  \n⁎ Corresponding author.  \nE-mail addresses: [tanyav@email.unc.edu](tanyav@email.unc.edu) (T. Vacharkulksemsuk), [blf@unc.edu](blf@unc.edu)[ ](blf@unc.edu)(B.L. Fredrickson).  \nmutuality, we propose that shared feelings of vitality and aliveness– bodily sensations theorized to stem from shared movements (McNeill, 1995)–are also keys element of what we here term embodied rapport.  \nBehavioral synchrony: moving together toward em","cbCaik9zB8ld9qwL","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaik9zB8ld9qwL","pdf",214484,"English","# Introduction\n## Behavioral synchrony and embodied rapport","[{\"question\":\"How does the paper define behavioral synchrony in social interaction?\",\"answer\":\"Behavioral synchrony is the coordination of movement between individuals, characterized by similarities in movement form and timing (temporal rhythm) during an interaction.\"},{\"question\":\"What is the proposed role of behavioral synchrony between self-disclosure and embodied rapport?\",\"answer\":\"Behavioral synchrony mediates the direct effect of self-disclosure on the development of embodied rapport.\"},{\"question\":\"How were participants and interactions studied in this research?\",\"answer\":\"Same-sex stranger pairs were randomly assigned to a video-recorded self-disclosure condition or a control condition, and afterward each member rated the social interaction.\"},{\"question\":\"What do the bootstrapping analyses show about behavioral synchrony?\",\"answer\":\"Bootstrapping analyses support the hypothesized mediating effect of behavioral synchrony, and synchrony emerges as independent of self-other overlap and positive affect.\"}]","Strangers in sync - Achieving embodied rapport through shared movements | PDF"]