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Uyemura - lecture-style overview","","Stick diagram fundamentals explain how integrated-circuit physical design can be represented as a top-view map of conducting material layers. Each conducting layer is assigned a distinct color, enabling readers to trace signal-flow paths across complex VLSI structures. The material covers what stick diagrams mean relative to 3D patterned layers, how colors originate from microscope observations of MOS fabrication, and the basic construction assumptions for insulated conducting layers. It further details rules for FET identification using Poly-over-Active coding and connection specifications via contacts and vias.",{"@graph":69,"@context":122},[70,84,105],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":30,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/technology/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/stick-diagram-fundamentals-by-john-p-uyemura-lecture-style-overview/665556/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":99,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":100,"interactionStatistic":101},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/stick-diagram-fundamentals-by-john-p-uyemura-lecture-style-overview/665556.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"sagouaw","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-30","2026-10-29",true,{"@type":102,"interactionType":103,"userInteractionCount":19},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":104},"ViewAction",{"@type":106,"mainEntity":107},"FAQPage",[108,114,118],{"name":109,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":111},"What information do stick diagrams emphasize in VLSI design?","Question",{"text":112,"@type":113},"Stick diagrams emphasize wiring and routing rather than line widths. They provide a top-view representation of conducting layer patterns so signal paths can be traced.","Answer",{"name":115,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":116},"How do stick diagrams represent transistor formation (nFET and pFET)?",{"text":117,"@type":113},"An nFET is formed when Poly (red) crosses over Active (green), matching the top view of the transistor. A pFET uses the same red-over-green concept, but the crossing point is inside an nWell boundary.",{"name":119,"@type":110,"acceptedAnswer":120},"How are connections between different conducting layers specified?",{"text":121,"@type":113},"Connections between layers use contacts or vias. A contact/via is needed to connect layers, while crossings between certain layers (e.g., blue over green/red) do not imply electrical connection without a via.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":124,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":126,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":128,"site_id":62},665556,1793304961,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":131},{"doc_id":128,"user_id":132,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":133,"doc_module":4,"category_id":29,"category_name":30,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":134,"file_id":135,"file_url":136,"file_type":137,"file_size":138,"view_count":19,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":139,"language":140,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":141,"faqs":142,"seo_title":143,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":129,"read_time":36},3985747862151,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_a8503ba1806abce46bf441b54a3ca4cd","Stick Diagram Fundamentals  \nby  \nJohn P. Uyemura  \nProfessor of Electrical and Computer Engineering  \nGeorgia Institute of Technology  \nAtlanta , GA USA  \nThis presentation was written to accompany the book Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems,© 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced without the written permission of the copyright holder.  \nIntroduction  \nStick diagrams are useful for planning the layout and routing of integrated circuits. In a stick diagram, every line of a conducting material layer is represented by a line of a distinct color. In our study, we will use the basic color coding below:  \n\n|  | Polysilicon (gate) Active (n+ or p+ Metal1\u003Cbr>n-Well boundary |\n| --- | --- |\n\nOther layers will be introduced later.  \nThe width of a line is not important, as stick diagrams give only wiring and routing information.  \nInterpretation  \nAs discussed in the book, a VLSI circuit may be viewed asa 3-dimensional set of patterned material layers. Stick diagrams provide a top view of the patterns. The colors allow us to trace signal flow paths through the conducting layers in a complex integrated circuit.  \nA stick diagram is thus a schematic representation of a circuit at the physical design level. With a little practice, you will be able to read a stick diagram and translate it into a conventional circuit schematic.  \n⇔  \nnFET  \nnFET  \nOrigin of the Colors  \nIn the early days of MOS integrated circuits it was noticed that when a chip was illuminated with a white light source, each conducting layer had a distinct coloring associated with it when viewed under a microscope.  \nPoly  \n\n|  | n+ |  |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  |  |  |\n|  | n+ |  |\n\nnFET  \nThis observation provided the basis for developing the technique:  \n nFET  \nOxide layers appeared transparent, so they are not shown.  \nBasics  \nWe assume that every conducting layer is insulated from every other conducting layer. This is achieved using either silicon dioxide layers (above the substrate) or reversebiased pn junctions (in the silicon) .  \n\n| \u003Cbr>Oxide |  |  |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| \u003Cbr>Metal1 |  |  |  |  |\n| \u003Cbr>Oxide | \u003Cbr>\u003Cbr>Poly |  |  | \u003Cbr>Plug |\n| n+ Active |  |  | n+ Active |  |\n| Substrate (grounded) |  |  |  |  |\n\nA contact or via is needed to connect two layers  \nFETs  \nIn the self-aligned gate process, the polysilicon gate pattern and field oxide (FOX) act as masks to the n+ or p+ drain/ source ion implant.  \nIons  \nWe will assume a p-type substrate in our discussion. It isnot shown explicitly in the stick diagram. If the ions are donors (P or As), this creates n+ implanted regions and yields an nFET.  \nIn terms of stick diagrams, we thus say that an nFET is formed whenever  \nRed (Poly) crosses over Green (Active)  \nnFET  \nThis is consistent with a top view of the transistor.  \nA pFET is described by the same \"red over green\" coding, but the crossing point is contained within an nWell boundary  \nBasic Rules  \nThe rules for constructing stick diagrams are based on the characteristics of the conducting layers.  \n∙ Only the routing is important, not the line widths  \nActive  \n∙ Red over green gives a FET  \n(Poly) (Active)  FET   \nPoly  \n∙ Blue may cross over green or red without a connection  \n(Metal1) (Active) (Poly)  \nActive  \nPoly  \nMetal1  \n∙ Connections between layers are specified by  This represents an oxide etch  \na  \nb c  \na  \nActive contact  \nPoly contact  \nActive contact  \nb c  \nSchematic Stick diagram  \nPoly contact: Metal1-to-Poly  \nActive Contact: Metal1-to-Active  \n∙ Metal lines on different layers can cross one another. Contacting two metal lines requires a via  \nNo contact  \n~~ ~~ Metal2  \n Metal1  \nVia  \n Metal2 (electrically connected to Metal1)  \n~~ ~~ Metal2  \nLayering    \nMetal1  \n Poly Active  \nSubstrate","cbCaitxC7UBs3eFX","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaitxC7UBs3eFX","pdf",35177,16,"English","# Introduction\n## Interpretation\n## Origin of the Colors\n## Basics\n## FETs\n## Basic Rules\n## Layering","[{\"question\":\"What information do stick diagrams emphasize in VLSI design?\",\"answer\":\"Stick diagrams emphasize wiring and routing rather than line widths. They provide a top-view representation of conducting layer patterns so signal paths can be traced.\"},{\"question\":\"How do stick diagrams represent transistor formation (nFET and pFET)?\",\"answer\":\"An nFET is formed when Poly (red) crosses over Active (green), matching the top view of the transistor. A pFET uses the same red-over-green concept, but the crossing point is inside an nWell boundary.\"},{\"question\":\"How are connections between different conducting layers specified?\",\"answer\":\"Connections between layers use contacts or vias. A contact/via is needed to connect layers, while crossings between certain layers (e.g., blue over green/red) do not imply electrical connection without a via.\"}]","Stick Diagram Fundamentals - by John P. Uyemura - lecture-style overview | PDF"]