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When measured reliably, these “Big Two” dimensions converge across survey, cultural, laboratory, and biobehavioral methods and generalize across place, levels, and time. The stereotype content model proposes a causal pathway from perceived social structure to stereotypes, then emotional prejudices, and finally discrimination through active and passive help and harm, with systematic practical implications.",{"@graph":69,"@context":121},[70,84,104],{"@type":71,"itemListElement":72},"BreadcrumbList",[73,77,79,82],{"item":74,"name":75,"@type":76,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":78,"name":9,"@type":76,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":80,"name":40,"@type":76,"position":81},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":83,"name":65,"@type":76,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/stereotype-content-warmth-and-competence-endure-volume-27-issue-2/639235/",{"url":83,"name":65,"@type":85,"image":86,"author":91,"headline":65,"publisher":94,"fileFormat":97,"inLanguage":63,"description":67,"dateModified":98,"datePublished":98,"encodingFormat":97,"isAccessibleForFree":99,"interactionStatistic":100},"DigitalDocument",{"url":87,"@type":88,"width":89,"height":90},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/stereotype-content-warmth-and-competence-endure-volume-27-issue-2/639235.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":92,"@type":93},"Theodore","Person",{"url":74,"name":95,"@type":96},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-10-22",true,{"@type":101,"interactionType":102,"userInteractionCount":4},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":103},"ViewAction",{"@type":105,"mainEntity":106},"FAQPage",[107,113,117],{"name":108,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":110},"What are the two core dimensions in the stereotype content model?","Question",{"text":111,"@type":112},"The model identifies perceived warmth (trustworthiness, friendliness) and perceived competence (capability, assertiveness) as the “Big Two” dimensions in social cognition.","Answer",{"name":114,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":115},"How does the stereotype content model explain the path from social structure to discrimination?",{"text":116,"@type":112},"Perceived social structure predicts stereotypes (warmth and competence). These stereotypes predict emotional prejudices, and the emotions then predict discrimination through active and passive help and harm.",{"name":118,"@type":109,"acceptedAnswer":119},"How are warmth and competence used to classify intergroup stereotypes?",{"text":120,"@type":112},"Warmth × competence mapping identifies recurring patterns, including groups high on both dimensions (admired), groups low on both (disgusted), and two ambivalent patterns: warm but incompetent (pity) and cold but competent (envy).","https://schema.org",{"og:url":83,"og:type":123,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":95,"og:description":67},"article",{"robots":125,"canonical":83},"index,follow",{"doc_id":127,"site_id":62},639235,1792702557,{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":130},{"doc_id":127,"user_id":131,"nickname":92,"user_avatar":132,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":67,"doc_content":133,"file_id":134,"file_url":135,"file_type":136,"file_size":137,"view_count":4,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":44,"language":138,"language_code":63,"site_id":62,"html_lang":63,"table_of_contents":139,"faqs":140,"seo_title":141,"seo_description":67,"update_tm":128,"read_time":142},7971461740886,"https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_3d24733baf745e90a7e4bdd5f77d97b2","Stereotype Content: Warmth and Competence Endure  \nCurrent Directions in Psychological Science Volume 27, Issue 2, April 2018, Pages 67-73 © The Author(s) 2018, Article Reuse Guidelines [https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721417738825](https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721417738825)  \nStereotype Content: Warmth and Competence Endure  \nSusan T. Fiske  \nAbstract  \nTwo dimensions persist in social cognition when people are making sense of individuals or groups. The stereotype content model (SCM) terms these two basic dimensions perceived warmth (trustworthiness, friendliness) and competence (capability, assertiveness). Measured reliably and validly, these Big Two dimensions converge across survey, cultural, laboratory, and biobehavioral approaches. Generality across place, levels, and time further support the framework. Similar dimensions have emerged repeatedly over the history ofpsychology and in current theories. The SCM proposes and tests a comprehensive causal theory: Perceived social structure (cooperation, status) predicts stereotypes (warmth, competence), which in turn predict emotional prejudices (pride, pity, contempt, envy), and finally, the emotions predict discrimination (active and passive help and harm). The SCM uncovers systematic content and dynamics of stereotypes, which has practical implications.  \nKeywords  \nstereotypes, social cognition, prejudice, warmth, competence, stereotype content model, Big Two  \nDepartment of Psychology and Woodrow Wilson School of International and Public Affairs, Princeton University  \nCorresponding author(s):  \nSusan T. Fiske, Princeton University, Department of Psychology, Peretsman-Scully Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 E-mail: [sfiske@princeton.edu](sfiske@princeton.edu)  \nLife and theory both demand an explanation of the groups that surround us. In everyday life, immigration, globalization, multiculturalism, and inequality are changing personal experiences with other kinds of people, so as individuals, we need to make sense of them. In scientific theory, researchers investigating social cognition and prejudice spent the last century devising process models of how people relate as individuals and groups. What researchers mostly neglected were content models—taxonomies—of the systematic kinds of impressions that people form.  \nOn closer conceptual and empirical investigation, a simple model explains much. Robust converging methods, cumulative data, generality, history, conceptual parallels, coherent theory, and evolutionary plausibility characterize social cognition’s Big Two dimensions—warmth-communion and competenceagency. In emphasizing these points, this review omits other points; I instead refer the reader to other reviews emphasizing issues not detailed here: validities (Fiske, 2015), cultural analyses (Fiske & Durante, 2016), as well as implications for interpersonal status (Swencionis, Dupree, & Fiske, 2017), social class (Durante & Fiske, 2017), and political perception (Fiske & Durante, 2014) .  \nStereotype Content Model (SCM)  \n[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/0963721417738825](https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epub/10.1177/0963721417738825) 1/9  \nStereotype Content: Warmth and Competence Endure  \nHumans are complicated stimuli, distinguished from most other objects by having intent and autonomy. Presumably, then, people first want to know each other’s individual or collective intent toward them and their groups. The SCM (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002) calls this dimension warmth (trustworthiness, sociability) . Warmth is fundamental because intent predicts behavior. For survival, sentries call out,“who goes there: friend or foe?” Second, one needs to know whether the other people can enact that intent, namely how competent (capable, agentic) they are. Perceivers often operate on such stereotypes (Bodenhausen, Kang, & Peery, 2012), which are shared beliefs about common groups’ warmth and competence. Even impressions of individuals, including the self, use similar dimensio","cbCaibW3PIyDe1Zo","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaibW3PIyDe1Zo","pdf",925822,"English","# Abstract\n## Stereotype Content Model (SCM)\n## Warmth × Competence space maps basic intergroup arrays\n## Two-dimensional structure and ambivalence in stereotypes","[{\"question\":\"What are the two core dimensions in the stereotype content model?\",\"answer\":\"The model identifies perceived warmth (trustworthiness, friendliness) and perceived competence (capability, assertiveness) as the “Big Two” dimensions in social cognition.\"},{\"question\":\"How does the stereotype content model explain the path from social structure to discrimination?\",\"answer\":\"Perceived social structure predicts stereotypes (warmth and competence). These stereotypes predict emotional prejudices, and the emotions then predict discrimination through active and passive help and harm.\"},{\"question\":\"How are warmth and competence used to classify intergroup stereotypes?\",\"answer\":\"Warmth × competence mapping identifies recurring patterns, including groups high on both dimensions (admired), groups low on both (disgusted), and two ambivalent patterns: warm but incompetent (pity) and cold but competent (envy).\"}]","Stereotype Content: Warmth and Competence Endure - Volume 27 - Issue 2 | PDF",23]