[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"detail-sidebar-cat-0-en-105":3,"doc-detail-587708-en":59,"doc-seo-587708-105":80},{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":6},0,"success",[7,13,18,23,28,33,38,43,48,51,55],{"id":8,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":10,"show_sort_weight":11,"slug":12},1,"Document","Story & Novel",90,"story-novel",{"id":14,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":15,"show_sort_weight":16,"slug":17},2,"Literature",80,"literature",{"id":19,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":20,"show_sort_weight":21,"slug":22},4,"Exam",70,"exam",{"id":24,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":25,"show_sort_weight":26,"slug":27},5,"Comic",60,"comic",{"id":29,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":30,"show_sort_weight":31,"slug":32},6,"Technology",50,"technology",{"id":34,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":35,"show_sort_weight":36,"slug":37},7,"Healthcare",40,"healthcare",{"id":39,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":40,"show_sort_weight":41,"slug":42},8,"Research & Report",30,"research-report",{"id":44,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":45,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":47},9,"Religion & Spirituality",20,"religion-spirituality",{"id":46,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":49,"show_sort_weight":46,"slug":50},"World Cup","world-cup",{"id":52,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":53,"show_sort_weight":52,"slug":54},10,"Lifestyle","lifestyle",{"id":56,"doc_module":4,"doc_module_name":9,"category_name":57,"show_sort_weight":24,"slug":58},19,"General","general",{"code":4,"msg":5,"data":60},{"doc_id":61,"user_id":62,"nickname":63,"user_avatar":64,"doc_module":4,"category_id":39,"category_name":40,"doc_title":65,"doc_description":66,"doc_content":67,"file_id":68,"file_url":69,"file_type":70,"file_size":71,"view_count":39,"is_deleted":4,"is_public":8,"is_downloadable":8,"audit_status":8,"page_count":72,"language":73,"language_code":74,"site_id":75,"html_lang":74,"table_of_contents":76,"faqs":77,"seo_title":78,"seo_description":66,"update_tm":79,"read_time":26,"preview_page_count":4},587708,962085570644,"Melati","https://ap-avatar.wpscdn.com/davatar_994ba38a5ba835b3df7d355c54d3ed8d","STEM Pushout and Redirection of HMoob American College Students at a Predominantly White Institution","Asian Americans are often treated as adequately represented in STEM, leading education interventions to exclude them despite strong diversity across more than 20 Asian ethnic subgroups. This paper uses participatory action research to examine institutional and sociocultural mechanisms that push out HMoob (Hmong) American college students from STEM programs at a predominantly White university. It also analyzes gatekeeping and transactional advising that redirect students to non-STEM fields or drive them out entirely.","STEM Pushout and Redirection of HMoob American College Students at a Predominantly White Institution  \nWCER Working Paper No. 2024-4  \nJuly 2024  \nBailey B. Smolarek, Matthew Wolfgram, Chundou Her, Lena Lee, Stacey J. Lee, Geboli Long, Payeng Moua, Kong Pheng Pha, Ariana Thao, Mai See Thao, Mai NengVang, Susan Vang, Chee Meng Xiong, Choua Xiong, Edward Xiong, Odyssey Xiong, Pa Kou Xiong, Ying Yang Youa Xiong, Kayeng Yang, Lisa Yang, Mai Chong Yang, Scy Yang, and Steven Yang  \nWisconsin Center for Education Research University of Wisconsin–Madison  \n[bsmolarek@wisc.edu](bsmolarek@wisc.edu)  \nKey words: STEM Education, STEM Meritocracy, HMoob/Hmong Education, Asian American Education, School Pushout, STEM Pushout, Participatory Action Research  \nSuggested citation: Smolarek, B. B., Wolfgram, M., Vang, M. N., Xion, Y. Y. Y., Xiong, C. M., Lee, S. J., Xiong, P. K., Lee, L., Her, C., Pha, K. P., Xiong, C., Yang, L., Long, G., Moua, P., Thao, A., Thao, M. S., Vang, S., Xiong, E., Xiong, O., Yang, M. C., Yang, K., Yang, S., & Yang, S. (2024) . STEM pushout and redirection of HMoob American college students at a predominantly White institution (WCER Working Paper No. 2024-4). University of Wisconsin–Madison, Wisconsin Center for Education Research.  \n© 2024 by Bailey B. Smolarek, Matthew Wolfgram, Mai Neng Vang, Ying Yang Youa Xiong, Chee Meng Xiong, Stacey J. Lee, Pa Kou Xiong, Lena Lee, Chundou Her, Kong Pheng Pha, Choua Xiong, Lisa Yang, Geboli Long, Payeng Moua, Ariana Thao, Mai See Thao, Susan Vang, Edward Xiong, Odyssey Xiong, Mai Chong Yang, Kayeng Yang, Scy Yang, and Steven Yang. All rights reserved. Funding for the research presented in this paper was provided by NSF Racial Equity in STEM Education award \\#2201693. Any opinions, findings, or conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies, WCER, or cooperating institutions. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for noncommercial purposes by any means, provided that the above copyright notice appears on all copies. WCER working papers are available at [https://wcer.wisc.edu/publications/working-papers](https://wcer.wisc.edu/publications/working-papers).  \nSTEM Pushout and Redirection of HMoob American College Students at a Predominantly White Institution  \nBailey B. Smolarek, Matthew Wolfgram, Chundou Her, Lena Lee, Stacey J. Lee, Geboli Long, Payeng Moua, Kong Pheng Pha, Ariana Thao, Mai See Thao, Mai Neng Vang, Susan Vang, Chee Meng Xiong, Choua Xiong, Edward Xiong, Odyssey Xiong, Pa Kou Xiong, Ying Yang Youa Xiong, Kayeng Yang, Lisa Yang, Mai Chong Yang, Scy Yang, and Steven  \nYang  \nABSTRACT  \nAsian Americans as a group are overrepresented among STEM college graduates and have the highest average college enrollment rate of any racial or ethnic category. Thus, Asian Americans are typically excluded from educational interventions directed at improving STEM education for Students of Color because they are not considered to be underrepresented minorities. However, statistics obscure the individual needs of the more than 20 ethnic subgroups that fall under the umbrella term Asian Americans. Using a participatory action research approach, this paper documents the institutional and sociocultural factors that push out HMoob (or Hmong) American college students from STEM programs at one large, predominantly White university; and the coordinate processes of gatekeeping and transactional advising that either redirect those students toward non-STEM programs or force them out of the university completely.  \nSTEM Pushout and Redirection of HMoob American College Students at a Predominantly White Institution  \nBailey B. Smolarek, Matthew Wolfgram, Chundou Her, Lena Lee, Stacey J. Lee, Geboli Long, Payeng Moua, Kong Pheng Pha, Ariana Thao, Mai See Thao, Mai Neng Vang, Susan Vang, Chee Meng Xiong, Choua Xiong, Edward Xiong, Odyssey Xiong, Pa Kou Xiong, Ying Yang Youa Xiong, Kayeng Yang, Lisa Yang, Mai","cbCaifpF8e5BEkJr","https://ap.wps.com/l/cbCaifpF8e5BEkJr","pdf",465687,24,"English","en",105,"# Abstract\n## Introduction\n## Methodological Approach\n## Institutional and Sociocultural Factors\n## Gatekeeping and Transactional Advising\n## Student Redirection and Exclusion","[{\"question\":\"Why are Asian Americans often excluded from STEM education interventions for Students of Color?\",\"answer\":\"Asian Americans are commonly treated as not being underrepresented minorities because aggregate statistics show high enrollment and representation among STEM graduates.\"},{\"question\":\"What does the paper examine regarding HMoob (Hmong) American students?\",\"answer\":\"It documents institutional and sociocultural factors that push out HMoob (Hmong) American college students from STEM programs at a predominantly White university.\"},{\"question\":\"How do gatekeeping and transactional advising affect student outcomes?\",\"answer\":\"The paper describes coordinated processes of gatekeeping and transactional advising that redirect students toward non-STEM programs or force them out of the university completely.\"}]","STEM Pushout and Redirection of HMoob American College Students at a Predominantly White Institution | PDF",1792062765,{"code":4,"msg":81,"data":82},"ok",{"site_id":75,"language":74,"slug":83,"title":65,"keywords":84,"description":66,"schema_data":85,"social_meta":139,"head_meta":141,"extra_data":143,"updated_unix":144},"stem-pushout-and-redirection-of-hmoob-american-college-students-at-a-predominantly-white-institution","",{"@graph":86,"@context":138},[87,101,121],{"@type":88,"itemListElement":89},"BreadcrumbList",[90,94,96,99],{"item":91,"name":92,"@type":93,"position":8},"https://docshare.wps.com","Home","ListItem",{"item":95,"name":9,"@type":93,"position":14},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/",{"item":97,"name":40,"@type":93,"position":98},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/research-report/",3,{"item":100,"name":65,"@type":93,"position":19},"https://docshare.wps.com/document/stem-pushout-and-redirection-of-hmoob-american-college-students-at-a-predominantly-white-institution/587708/",{"url":100,"name":65,"@type":102,"image":103,"author":108,"headline":65,"publisher":110,"fileFormat":113,"inLanguage":74,"description":66,"dateModified":114,"datePublished":115,"encodingFormat":113,"isAccessibleForFree":116,"interactionStatistic":117},"DigitalDocument",{"url":104,"@type":105,"width":106,"height":107},"https://docshare.wps.com/thumbnails/stem-pushout-and-redirection-of-hmoob-american-college-students-at-a-predominantly-white-institution/587708.png","ImageObject",300,407,{"name":63,"@type":109},"Person",{"url":91,"name":111,"@type":112},"DocShare","Organization","application/pdf","2026-11-03","2026-10-15",true,{"@type":118,"interactionType":119,"userInteractionCount":39},"InteractionCounter",{"@type":120},"ViewAction",{"@type":122,"mainEntity":123},"FAQPage",[124,130,134],{"name":125,"@type":126,"acceptedAnswer":127},"Why are Asian Americans often excluded from STEM education interventions for Students of Color?","Question",{"text":128,"@type":129},"Asian Americans are commonly treated as not being underrepresented minorities because aggregate statistics show high enrollment and representation among STEM graduates.","Answer",{"name":131,"@type":126,"acceptedAnswer":132},"What does the paper examine regarding HMoob (Hmong) American students?",{"text":133,"@type":129},"It documents institutional and sociocultural factors that push out HMoob (Hmong) American college students from STEM programs at a predominantly White university.",{"name":135,"@type":126,"acceptedAnswer":136},"How do gatekeeping and transactional advising affect student outcomes?",{"text":137,"@type":129},"The paper describes coordinated processes of gatekeeping and transactional advising that redirect students toward non-STEM programs or force them out of the university completely.","https://schema.org",{"og:url":100,"og:type":140,"og:title":65,"og:site_name":111,"og:description":66},"article",{"robots":142,"canonical":100},"index,follow",{"doc_id":61,"site_id":75},1792188775]